In large adapting clonal species, several beneficial mutations can co-occur, affecting the process of adaptation. Several experimental and theoretical works showed that clonal interference can be an important factor limiting the rate of adaptation. However, models done so far do not embrace the diversity of observed dynamics in experiments, especially non-linear dynamics. We develop here a stoc...

A short region of the human proenkephalin promoter has been shown previously to mediate transcriptional regulation in response to activation of the cAMP, TPA, and Ca+ + dependent intracellular signalling pathways. Two adjacent DNA elements, CRE-1 and CRE-2, are essential for this regulation although neither element alone is sufficient for inducible expression. The CRE-2 element consists of over...

Increases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have previously been reported after moderate exercise bouts lasting less than two hours in men. Little information exists, however, on HDL-C responses after moderate duration exercise in women. Post-exercise HDL-C modifications may appear differently in women because of higher baseline HDL-C concentrations and differences in lipol...

Peptides derived from both proenkephalin and prodynorphin have been identified in guinea pig adrenal medulla. In extracts of whole adrenal glands radioimmunoassays directed to the prodynorphin-derived peptides alpha-neoendorphin, dynorphin A, and dynorphin B detected high concentrations of immunoreactive material ranging from 113 to 216 pmol/gm. The concentrations measured by radioimmunoassays ...

Performing pelvic examination is a vital skill to learn during gynecological and obstetrical training. It's a difficult maneuver to master as there is very little to see and more to feel and interpret. In addition, learning PE in usual clinical set-up has been found to induce lot of stress and anxiety among both the patients and the students. Students fear of hurting the patients and being judg...

This work reports on two related investigations of stochastic simulations which are widely used to study biodiversity and other related issues. We first deal with the behavior of the Hamming distance under the increase of the number of species and the size of the lattice, and then investigate how the mobility of the species contributes to jeopardize biodiversity. The investigations are based on...

MAY/JUNE 2007 PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING On-Line Exclusive 1 www.ispe.org/PE_Online_Exclusive ©C op yr ig ht IS PE 2 0 0 7 This article describes an investigation on the use of a combination therapy administered within polymeric nanoparticles in order to overcome Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR), one of the most challenging threats to survival in the battle against cancer. A Multi-Functional Poly...

In addition to their unusually long life cycle, periodical cicadas, Magicicada spp., provide an exceptional example of spatially synchronized life stage phenology in nature. Within regions (broods) spanning 50,000 to 500,000 km, adults emerge synchronously every 13 or 17 years. While satiation of avian predators is believed to be a key component of the ability of these populations to reach high...

We have isolated and sequenced a C-terminally amidated peptide from bovine striatum. The peptide was purified to homogeneity by adsorption to XAD-2 resins and four different HPLC steps. Amino acid composition analysis and gas-phase sequence analysis revealed identity of this peptide with residues 8-26 of the proenkephalin-derived opioid peptide amidorphin, which we have recently isolated from b...

This paper develops a deterministic differential equations model that captures the H7N9 virus transmission from live poultry to human via poultryhuman contacts in live poultry markets (LPMs). The virus circulation among live poultry, which happens but is hard to be detected (since contaminated live poultry appear to be asymptomatic), is also incorporated in the model. The time-dependent contact...