Penetrating aortic atherosclerotic ulcer is an underdiagnosed condition that presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report two cases of patients with severe chest pain, with no ischemic features, who underwent chest angiotomography and showed an ulceration of the aortic wall, with contrast penetration into the middle layer. Due to the failure of the medical treatment, the patients u...

introduction: microleakage can result in failure of endodontic treatment. an important characteristic of endodontic sealer is sealing ability. the aim of this experimental study was to compare the apical leakage of teeth obturated with gutta-percha and three different sealers (resin- and zinc oxide eugenol-based) with/without smear layer (sl). materials and methods: in this study, 100 single-ro...

Root canal instrumentation produces a layer of organic and inorganic material called the smear layer that may also contain bacteria and their by-products. It can prevent the penetration of intracanal medicaments into dentinal tubules and influence the adaptation of filling materials to canal walls. This article provides an overview of the smear layer, focusing on its relevance to endodontics. T...

the studies carried out over 2010-13 involved a static field experiment initiated in 1999 at brody research station of the poznan university of life science, poland. the soil tillage systems for winter wheat were compared on a soil classified as albic luvisols. the aim of experiments was to evaluate impact of ploughless soil tillage on some soil physical, chemical, biological properties and win...

We measure the thickness of the heavy water layer trapped under the stress corrosion fracture surface of silica using neutron reflectivity experiments. We show that the penetration depth is 65-85   Å, suggesting the presence of a damaged zone of ∼100   Å extending ahead of the crack tip during its propagation. This estimate of the size of the damaged zone is compatible with other recent results.

According to the 2010 WHO classification of digestive system tumors, esophageal low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN) is associated with ultrastructural and cytological abnormalities confined to the lower half of the epithelium, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is defined as tumor invasion of the lamina propria or penetration into deeper tissue layers. We here reported a rare esophageal ...

While metals benefit from a strong nonlinearity at optical frequencies, its practical exploitation is limited by the weak penetration of the electric field within the metal and the screening by the surface charges. It is shown here that this limitation can be bypassed by depositing a thin dielectric layer on the metal surface or, alternatively, using a thin metal film. This strategy enables us ...

A fracture mechanics model is developed for the initiation and propagation of a crack through a porous ice layer of finite thickness under gravitational overburden. It is found that surface cracks generated in response to a tidally induced stress field may penetrate through the entire outer brittle layer if a subsurface ocean is present on Europa. Such penetration is found to be very unlikely i...

Many applications require surface modification and micro-structuring of polymers. For these purposes is mainly used ultraviolet (UV) radiation from excimer lamps or excimer lasers. However, these sources have a decided disadvantage degrading the polymer deep inside due to relatively big radiation penetration depth which may exceed 100 μm. In contrast, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is abso...

The smear layer was first described by McComb in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) study. The smear layer consists of organic and inorganic substances, including fragments of odontoblastic processes, dentinal shaving, microorganisms, and necrotic materials. Presence of this smear layer prevents penetration of intracanal medication into the irregularities of the root canal system and the dent...