Despite excellent outcomes with cemented tibial components in total knee arthroplasty, it still is debated whether the tibial stem should be cemented and what the optimal tibial stem design should be. Proponents of full cementation of the tibial stem and component state that better short-term and long-term component fixation is achieved when full cementation is used. Advocates for surface cemen...

PRINCIPLES Detection of elevated body temperature is critical in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Due to its convenience, infrared ear temperature measurement (IETM) has become the standard of care. Unfortunately, the limitations of this method are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate potential limitations of IETM, including the presence of cerumen on otoscopy, depth of penetration, side o...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being investigated as a treatment for localized prostate cancer. Photodynamic therapy uses a photosensitizing drug which is activated by a specific wavelength of light, in the presence of oxygen. The activated drug reacts with tissue oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species which are responsible for localized tissue necrosis. One of the determinants of the PDT eff...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different solutions used for final irrigation on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. METHODS Thirty-two recently extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. The samples were divided into 4 groups according to the final irrigation solution used: (1) the EDTA group...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adequate depth of cement penetration and cement mantle thickness is important for the durability of cemented cups. A flanged cup, as opposed to unflanged, has been suggested to give a more uniform cement mantle and superior cement pressurization, thus improving the depth of cement penetration. This hypothesis was tested experimentally. MATERIALS AND METHODS The same cup...

Austenitic stainless steel SS304 grade was welded with active Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process by applying a flux paste made of SiO2 powder and acetone. SiO2 flux application improves the weld bead depth with a simultaneous reduction in weld bead width. The improvement in penetration results from arc constriction and reversal of Marangoni convection. Experimental studies revealed that t...

We present experiments to predict the maximum penetration depth atwhich typical biological structures in amelanotic tissue can bedetected with confocal microscopy. The detected signal is examinedas the signal source strength (index of refraction mismatch), thesource depth, and the medium scattering coefficient are varied. Thedetected background produced by scattering outside the focal volume is...

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a scalable bioimaging modality; one can choose low acoustic resolution with deep penetration depth or high optical resolution with shallow imaging depth. High spatial resolution and deep penetration depth is rather difficult to achieve using a single system. Here we report a switchable acoustic resolution and optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-OR-P...

There are by now many applications of methods based on nearinfrared radiation (NIR) used for optical imaging and therapeutic purposes in medical settings. Such optical techniques are appealing in not requiring potentially harmful ionizing radiation, being non-invasive, and generally being easily implementable. Since photons are randomly scattered by cell components, successful use of NIR requir...

Metastasis refers to the process by which an attacker propagates a computer penetration throughout a computer network. The traditional methodology for Internet computer penetration is sufficiently well understood to define behavior which may be indicative of an attack, e.g. for use within an Intrusion Detection System. A new model of computer penetration : distributed metastasis, increases the ...