Background and Objective: Recent experimental studies using ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) have shown improved normal tissue sparing comparable tumor control compared to conventional radiotherapy (RT). Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton with superior dosimetry characteristics has begun draw attention the delivery of conformal FLASH-RT for preclinical studies. This review aims ...

We prove a posteriori error estimates for a nite element method for steady-state, energy dependent, Fokker-Planck and Fermi pencil beam equations in two space dimensions and with a forward-peaked scattering (i.e., with velocities varying within the right unit semicircle). Our estimates are based on a transversal symmetry assumption, together with a strong stability estimate for an associated du...

We carried out the Gaussian fitting to the profile of PSR B1237+25 and found that six components rather than five are necessary to make a good fit. In the central part, we found that the core emission is not filled pencil beam but is a small hollow cone. This implies that the impact angle could be β < 0.5 •. The " hollow core " is in agreement with Inverse Compton Scattering model of radio puls...

We examine coding strategies for coded aperture scatter imagers. Scatter imaging enables tomography of compact regions from snapshot measurements. We present coded aperture designs for pencil and fan beam geometries, and compare their singular value spectra with that of the Radon transform and selected volume tomography. We show that under dose constraints scatter imaging improves conditioning ...

PURPOSE The paper considers the fractionation problem in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Conventionally, IMPT fields are optimized independently of the fractionation scheme. In this work, we discuss the simultaneous optimization of fractionation scheme and pencil beam intensities. METHODS This is performed by allowing for distinct pencil beam intensities in each fraction, which are...