BACKGROUND Pedestrian and bicyclist injury is an important public health issue. The retail environment, particularly the presence of alcohol outlets, may contribute the the risk of pedestrian or bicyclist injury, but this association is poorly understood. METHODS This study quantifies the spatial risk of alcohol-related pedestrian injury in New York City at the census tract level over a recen...

Pedestrian detection is an important aspect of autonomous vehicle driving as recognizing pedestrians helps in reducing accidents between the vehicles and the pedestrians. In literature, feature based approaches have been mostly used for pedestrian detection. Features from different body portions are extracted and analyzed for interpreting the presence or absence of a person in a particular regi...

In this paper we describe a method for developing a virtual instructor for pedestrian navigation based on real interactions between a human instructor and a human pedestrian. A virtual instructor is an agent capable of fulfilling the role of a human instructor, and its goal is to assist a pedestrian in the accomplishment of different tasks within the context of a real city. The instructor decid...

Pedestrian simulation has been a topic of research for several decades, especially in regards to pedestrian egress. Only recently, though, have researchers begun to consider the effects that groups have upon pedestrian egress. Both empirical studies and simulation models predict a decrease in pedestrian speeds when pedestrians travel in groups. In this study, we show that this decrease in speed...

In recent times, it has been discovered that fuzzy logic is an important tool for effective traffic control system. Research on intelligent traffic systems has revealed that the implementation of linguistic variables in fuzzy systems help in taking care of diverse possible decisions that can be taken by humans in traffic control. However, the majority of these works focus on vehicular traffic w...

While improper pedestrian behavior has become an important factor related to road traffic fatalities, especially in developing countries, the effects of personality traits and/or stress on pedestrian behavior have been rarely reported. The current study explored the joint effects of five personality traits (i.e., extraversion, openness, neuroticism, normlessness and altruism) and global perceiv...

We propose a method for tracking multiple pedestrians using a binary sensor network. In our proposed method, sensor nodes are composed of pairs of binary sensors and placed at specific points, referred to as gates, where pedestrians temporarily change their movement characteristics, such as doors, stairs, and elevators, to detect pedestrian arrival and departure events. Tracking pedestrians in ...

Pedestrian injuries are a leading cause of childhood mortality. In this paper a case study of a child pedestrian death is presented in order to examine the apportionment of responsibility for child pedestrian injuries. The case presented illustrates how responsibility is located with the child, whilst structural contributors, in particular aspects of the transport system, are ignored. The stren...

Currently the use of new materials is becoming more prevalent in vehicle industry for the lightweight design purpose. The design of engine hood is very important for pedestrian safety during a vehicle-pedestrian accident. In order to improve the pedestrian protection performance of the new material engine hood, the radial stiffening rib structure and trapezium sandwich structure engine hoods we...

With the development of economic, the traffic requirement rapidly increases in Shanghai. Besides building more new infrastructures, the administrators put forward to many countermeasures to increase the vehicle traffic capacity previously and to meet the traffic requirement in China. At the same time, the urban traffic facilities are set up by different departments of government during differen...