BACKGROUND To determine how trail characteristics may influence use, reliable and valid audit tools are needed. METHODS The Path Environment Audit Tool (PEAT) was developed with design, amenity, and aesthetics/maintenance items. Two observers independently audited 185 trail segments at 6 Massachusetts facilities. GPS-derived items were used as a "gold standard." Kappa (k) statistics, observed...

We found that peat moss, amended with various ratios of pellets comprised of equal proportions of biochar and wood flour, generally had chemical and physical properties suitable for service as a substrate during nursery production of plants. High ratios of pellets to peat (>50%) may be less desirable because of high C:N, high bulk density, swelling associated with water absorption, and low volu...

A radiocarbon chronology has been developed using shell, bulk peat, and paired charcoal and pollen preparations from a peat and clay sequence in southwestern Australia. The results indicate the sequence is of Holocene age, and the mid-Holocene was a period of rapid sediment deposition. The earliest record is based on Bothriembyron sp. snail shell and there is a strong indication that the deposi...

Gottschalk, A. (1958). In Encyclopedia of Plant Phy8iology, vol. 6, p. 87. Ed. by Ruhland,W. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Halsall, T. G., Hirst, E. L. & Jones, J. K. N. (1947). J. chem. Soc. p. 1427. Hough, L. & Perry, M. B. (1956). Chem. & Ind. p. 768. Hough, L., Powell, D. B. & Woods, B. M. (1956). J. chem. Soc. p. 4799. Manners, D. J. (1955a). Biochem. J. 61, xiii. Manners, D. J. (1955b). Quart....

Radiocarbon dating is one of the main methods used to establish peat chronologies. This article reviews the basis of the method and its application to dating of peat deposits. Important steps in the radiocarbon dating procedure are described, including selection and extraction of material (and fractions) for dating, chemical and physical preparation of media suitable for measurements, measureme...

A male giant anteater (Myrmecophage tridactyla) was treated twice for tongue tip constrictions. Clinical signs were partial anorexia, soft stool, bleeding from the mouth, and intermittent lingual discomfort. In the first presentation, wood fibers constricting the distal part of the tongue were detected by endoscopy and were removed. In the second presentation, bands of collagenous fibers were i...

The tractive performance justification of an off-road vehicle is so important that it ensures the vehicle mobility over the unprepared peat terrain. Tractive performance of Low Ground Pressure (LGP-30) wheeled vehicle is investigated on the low bearing capacity moderate peat terrain in Malaysia. The simulation results showed that the vehicle sinkage is more than the critical sinkage value of 10...

r a 200 .046 .: +44 19 all@durh Summary Water discolouration is a major management problem for UK water companies as a proportion of the supply relies on runoff from peat-covered catchments. Many peats have been drained using surface ditches but this has been shown to lead to more severe water discolouration. Drain-blocking is now actively encouraged in UK peatlands to promote peatland habitats...

The influence of habitat structure and support availability on support use is an important aspect of understanding locomotor behavior in arboreal primates. We compared habitat structure and support availability in three orangutan study sites-two on Sumatra (Pongo abelii) in the dry-lowland forest of Ketambe and peat swamp forest of Suaq Balimbing, and one on Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in t...

Permafrost thaw in peat plateaus leads to the flooding of surface soils and the formation of collapse scar bogs, which have the potential to be large emitters of methane (CH4) from surface peat as well as deeper, previously frozen, permafrost carbon (C). We used a network of bubble traps, permanently installed 20 cm and 60 cm beneath the moss surface, to examine controls on ebullition from thre...