introduction canary seed (phalaris canariensis l.) is a forage plant from poaceae family. this plant is drought tolerant. canary seed is originally a native to mediterranean region, which can be grown commercially in several parts of the word, especially in semi-arid conditions. increasing growth of population and lack of ability of pastures to satisfy the food requirement of animal has led to ...

Many lakes in boreal and arctic regions have high concentrations of CDOM (coloured dissolved organic matter). Remote sensing of such lakes is complicated due to very low water leaving signals. There are extreme (black) lakes where the water reflectance values are negligible in almost entire visible part of spectrum (400–700 nm) due to the absorption by CDOM. In these lakes, the only water-leavi...

It is well established that bicarbonate stimulates electron transfer between the primary and secondary electron acceptors, Q(A) and Q(B), in formate-inhibited photosystem II; the non-heme Fe between Q(A) and Q(B) plays an essential role in the bicarbonate binding. Strong evidence of a bicarbonate requirement for the water-oxidizing complex (WOC), both O2 evolving and assembling from apo-WOC and...

This study examined the availability of free drinking water during lunchtime in US public schools, as required by federal legislation beginning in the 2011-2012 school year. Data were collected by mail-back surveys in nationally representative samples of US public elementary, middle, and high schools from 2009-2010 to 2011-2012. Overall, 86.4%, 87.4%, and 89.4% of students attended elementary, ...

Maintenance of constant cellular ion concentrations is a basic requirement of all life forms. The strategy evolved by teleost fish to achieve this requirement is by maintaining nearly constant levels of extracellular ions at approximately one-third the ionic strength of seawater (SW). In freshwater (FW), teleosts must counteract the passive loss of ions and gain of water by actively taking up i...

Water scarcity and water quality degradation are exacerbated by climate change in all countries, including Pakistan. The use of agriculture is one the most predominant resources, so reducing consumption improving resource management utmost importance. In past few decades, excessive irrigation has led to severe reduced quality. This study determined requirements for cotton, rice, wheat, using CR...

To develop the models for chlorophyll (CHL) estimation, the nature of a peak near 700 nm on the reflectance spectrum of water should be investigated. Simultaneous measurements of the reflectance spectra from 400 to 750 nm and relevant water quality constituent concentrations were carried out. A shift of the peak position and an increase of the peak magnitude, when chlorophyll concentration incr...