Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are employed by Gram-negative bacteria to deliver effector proteins into the cytoplasm of infected host cells. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli use a T3SS to deliver effector proteins that result in the creation of the attaching and effacing lesions. The genome sequence of the Escherichia coli pathotype O157:H7 revealed the existence of a gene cluster encodin...

Black spot disease, caused by Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype, is one of the most harmful diseases in Japanese pear cultivation. In the present study, the locations of black spot disease resistance/susceptibility-related genome regions were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization using BAC clone (BAC-FISH) on Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai) chromosomes. Root ...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been developed as a vector for vaccine and gene therapy purposes. However, the optimal insertion site for foreign gene expression remained to be determined. In the present study, we inserted the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene into five different intergenic regions of the enterotropic NDV VG/GA vaccine strain using reverse genetics technology. The rescued...

This research was conducted to evaluate the disease tolerance/resistance of 34 registered chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in nurseries under winter climatic conditions Eastern-Mediterranean region located at Eastern Mediterranean Research Institute, Adana. During 2014-2015 sowing season, four different for 4 path types were established with regular observations on tolerance varieties. I...

the main features of enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) pathogenesis include attachment of bacteria to the intestinal mucosa, production of various toxins and cytotoxins, and stimulation of mucosal inflammation. ‘virulence’ genes encode these features. comparison of different eaec isolates has shown that the virulence gene content of these isolates varies considerably. the heterogeneity ...