Suspensions of self-propelled particles are studied in the framework of two-dimensional (2D) Stokesean hydrodynamics. A formula is obtained for the effective viscosity of such suspensions in the limit of small concentrations. This formula includes the two terms that are found in the 2D version of Einstein's classical result for passive suspensions. To this, the main result of the paper is added...

We have developed a novel microfluidic device constructed from poly(dimethylsiloxane) using multilayer soft lithography technology for the analysis of single cells. The microfluidic network enables the passive and gentle separation of a single cell from the bulk cell suspension, and integrated valves and pumps enable the precise delivery of nanoliter volumes of reagents to that cell. Various ap...

In contexts such as suspension feeding in marine ecologies there is an interplay between brownian motion of nonmotile particles and their advection by flows from swimming microorganisms. As a laboratory realization, we study passive tracers in suspensions of eukaryotic swimmers, the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. While the cells behave ballistically over short intervals, the tracers behave dif...

In this paper, we purpose a new holonomic omni-directional mobile robot that can move on not only flat floors but also uneven environment. A prototype robot can move in omni-direction, run on the uneven floors and slopes, and pass over large steps. The robot has seven universal wheels that have twelve cylindrical free rollers. We adopt a passive suspension system that enable the robot to change...

We use numerical simulations to compute the equation of state of a suspension of spherical self-propelled nanoparticles in two and three dimensions. We study in detail the effect of excluded volume interactions and confinement as a function of the system's temperature, concentration, and strength of the propulsion. We find a striking nonmonotonic dependence of the pressure on the temperature an...

Electroand magnetorheological uids are smart, synthetic uids changing their viscosity from liquid to semi-solid state within milliseconds if a su ciently strong electric or magnetic eld is applied. When used in suitable devices, they o er the innovative potential of very fast, adaptively controllable interfaces between mechanical devices and electronic control units. This paper gives an overvie...

This chapter presents a successful implementation of PID controller for a pneumatically actuated active roll control suspension system in both simulation and experimental studies. For the simulation model, a full vehicle model which consists of ride, handling and tire subsystems to study vehicle dynamics behavior in lateral direction is derived. The full vehicle model is then validated experime...

A new type of hierarchical fuzzy system (HFS), namely, Hierarchical Classifying-Type Fuzzy System (HCTFS), is developed and proposed in the paper. While the HCTFS enjoys the full benefits of a traditional HFS, one of which is to suppress the effects of the unwanted phenomenon, “the curse of dimensionality,” it also offers one great advantage that all rule strengths are preserved when passing th...

High-molecular-weight polymers of alpha-1,6-linked D-glucans are insoluble in alcohol solutions. Whole, but not parotid, saliva prevented the precipitation of D-glucans by 80% (vol/vol) ethanol, showing that the whole saliva contained a factor which complexed with the glucan to render it alcohol soluble. The glucan-binding factor was retained on a column of Sephacryl S-200 which had been preequ...