OBJECTIVE We analyzed the effect of previous abdominal surgery (PAS) on consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2005 to 2008, 73 patients at a single institution underwent RARC with bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection and urinary diversion. Lysis of adhesions was performed robotically and laparoscopically. Records wer...

Recent data suggests that PAS kinase acts as a signal integrator to adjust metabolic behavior in response to nutrient conditions. Specifically, PAS kinase controls the partitioning of nutrient resources between the myriad of possible fates. In this capacity, PAS kinase elicits a pro-growth program, which includes both signaling and metabolic control, both in yeast and in mammals. We propose tha...

Many cyanobacterial genome projects have been finished or are ongoing. Now, complete genome sequence of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Anabaena)[1] and draft genome sequence of Nostoc punctiforme (Nostoc)[3] are available. Phylogenetically, these species are closely related. These species have extremely abundant signal-transduction proteins, especially PAS domain-containing proteins (PAScontaining prot...

Protected areas (PAs) are a key strategy for protecting biological resources, but they vary considerably in their effectiveness and are frequently reported as having negative impacts on local people. This has contributed to a divisive and unresolved debate concerning the compatibility of environmental and socioeconomic development goals. Elucidating the relationship between positive and negativ...

Tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L. cv. Basmas) plants were exposed to a daily dose of 10 kJ m-1d-1 of UV radiation and treated with 0.5 mM exogenous polyamines (PAs) applied to the nutrient solution for two weeks. Dry weight of leaves increased under UVAB treatment in the absence of PAs and presence of spermidine but not putrescine. In the presence of putrescine, UVA treatment caused a significant i...

para-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) entered clinical use in 1946 as the second exclusive drug for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). While PAS was initially a first-line TB drug, the introduction of more potent antitubercular agents relegated PAS to the second-line tier of agents used for the treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Despite the long history of PAS usage, a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and glaucomatous optic neuropathy attributable to primary angle closure at varying anterior chamber depths (ACDs) in two East Asian populations. METHODS Participants 40 years and older were from 2 population-based glaucoma surveys in Mongolia and Singapore. Central ACD was measured by optical pachymetry. Presence of PAS was...

UNLABELLED Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive stimulation method developed to induce bidirectional changes in the excitability of the cortical projections to the target muscles. However, very few studies have shown an association between changes in motor evoked potentials (MEP) after PAS and behavioral changes in healthy subjects. In the present study we hypothesized that th...

BACKGROUND In Oregon, physicians can prescribe lethal amounts of medication only if requested by competent, terminally ill patients. However, the possibility of extending the practice to patients who lack decisional capacity exists. This paper examines why the legal extension of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) to incapacitated patients is possible, and perhaps likely. METHODS The author revi...

19 The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) 20 Mycobacterium tuberculosis prompted the reintroduction of para-aminosalicylic acid 21 (PAS) to protect companion anti-tuberculosis drugs from additional acquired resistance. 22 In sub-Saharan Africa, MDR/XDR tuberculosis with HIV co-infection is common and 23 concurrent treatment of HIV-infection and MDR/XDR t...