We examine how partners in vertical exchange relationships actually resolve disputes that are sufficiently serious to get lawyers involved. Reaching beyond the usual domain of organizational and management research, we leverage findings from law and economics to offer a novel organizational perspective on litigation and private dispute resolution, and we develop hypotheses about the likelihood ...

Since the earliest days of the “modern mediation field” in the 1970s, there has been a continuous and contentious debate regarding whether the use of mediation poses a threat to the value of justice, at both the individual and social levels.1 Early supporters of the process claimed that it would expand “access to justice,” and thus provide not only administrative savings to the courts but impor...

Settlement of disputes in civil cases is not only resolved by the Court, but also through arbitration and alternative dispute resolution if disputing parties agreed. The selection this must be stated clause agreement which expressly chooses arbitration. Civil that become authority are within scope trade sector. procedure for settlement different from court, among others, trial closed flexible, ...

In 2012, a major reform of the Austrian administrative judiciary has been completed. The is analysed in this paper after brief presentation origin and development its classical, traditional features. analysis includes reasons motivation for reform, course basic characteristics newly implemented system. At end, it concluded that introduction two-level judiciary, an dispute full jurisdiction abol...

International law is a branch of that still developing rapidly today, one which the source international as legal umbrella in resolving disputes between countries. Generally, countries involved treaties are automatically governed by rule (pacta sunt servanda). In addition, there various methods can be used disputing parties solving problems, such using peaceful settlement method or violent sett...

Strong voter privacy, although an important property of an election scheme, is usually compromised in election protocol design in favor of other (desirable) properties. In this work we introduce a new election paradigm with strong voter privacy as its primary objective. Our paradigm is built around three useful properties of voting schemes we define: (1) Perfect Ballot Secrecy, ensures that kno...

An e-commerce transaction is a means of performing commercial activities using the global digital e-commerce infrastructure. Using electronic means for doing business can greatly improve the efficiency of the business transactions. This infrastructure saves customers and merchants money and time. The more the processes of the transaction become online the more the parties save. In this paper we...

This paper proposes the use of an immersive virtual environment, Second Life, for enactive role play to help students recognize and solve conflicts through argument-based negotiation. An important core of the epistemology of negotiation is that stakeholders in a dispute have legitimate conflicting interests, and the goal of negotiation is to reconcile those interests in an equitable manner give...

Introduction: Differences in the national legal system and contract law provisions of each country open up opportunities for conflict dispute to occur. In addition, differences laws that serve as normative references actors international trade transactions can also cause doubt uncertainty foreign parties. Thus choice be referred freedom parties a choose which will used applies an agreement cons...