It is shown that the initial singularities in spatially compact spacetimes with spherical, plane or hyperbolic symmetry admitting a compact constant mean curvature hypersurface are crushing singularities when the matter content of spacetime is described by the Vlasov equation (collisionless matter) or the wave equation (massless scalar field). In the spherically symmetric case it is further sho...

Based on the mechanical test (shear test, compression test), bond model of corn kernel and straw was established to explore rolling crushing effect different rollers. The type roller is different. material process by force (extrusion kneading) analysis reveals that disc (DCR) has characteristics large unit-length kneading area; spiral-notched serrated (SNSCR) transverse shearing material; they ...

Many properties of a material, such as physical shape, crystalline or amorphous form, and particle size, may affect the quality of EPR response. The effects of mechanical treatment to a material such as grinding, crushing, and particle size on EPR signal were reported earlier [1, 9]. The EPR technique is a well known and well established method for dose measurement in several fields like radiat...

OBJECTIVE(S) This study was performed aiming to investigate the effect of particle engineering via spray drying of hydroalcoholic solution on solid states and physico-mechanical properties of acetaminophen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spray drying of hydroalcoholic solution (25% v/v ethanol/water) of acetaminophen (5% w/v) in the presence of small amounts of polyninylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) (0, 1.25,...

The existence and uniqueness of the so-called critical state in soil mechanics is validated in our DEM simulations of irregular polygonal particles. « For different particle shape characteristics„ The critical state is found to be independent of the initial stress and density.» We retain low stress levels, since we do not take into account the crushing of particles. « »In biaxial test simulatio...

The Indirect Tension Test (IDT) is frequently used for evaluation of asphalt material viscoelastic creep properties. With the increased use of finer aggregate gradations and polymer modified asphalt binders in asphalt materials, crushing can occur under the narrow loading heads. The new specimen configuration proposed has a trimmed area under the loading heads, creating a “flattened-IDT.” This ...

The role of activity in the maintenance of the normal component resting conductances of skeletal muscle fibres has been evaluated in vitro in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle during reinnervation from 2 to 40 days (a) after crushing of the peroneus nerve and (b) after local application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the crushed nerve. Whereas membrane conductances were regained after crushing alo...

In this paper, considering symmetric collapse mode for hybrid tubes, and using Tsai-Hill fracture criterion to take into account the off-axis strength of an orthotropic lamina, an analytical model is extended and an expression is derived for mean crushing load and fold lengths of circular hybrid tubes. In this model, the influences of the geometrical dimensions including diameter, thickness of ...