Travel outside the local area allows people to meet others and access a wide selection of services opportunities. However, travel can be constrained by lack good transport or personal factors. This paper investigates whether these constraints are associated with poor self-rated health, extent which association is mediated reduced social participation. Respondents in survey North England (n = 27...

XML Schema supports the specification of occurrence constraints by declaring values for its min/maxOccurs attributes. These constraints are structural in the sense that they restrict the cardinality of children elements independently of the data that is present in their subtrees. Thus, occurrence constraints do not address any data semantics and are therefore only of limited interest to data mo...

The rapid development of communication and information technology has made electronic voting technologically and economically feasible. In this study, we will examine the differential impact of four electronic voting system (EVS) characteristics (privacy, accessibility, mobility, and accuracy) on voter participation intention (i.e., EVS voting) and on preferred EVS mechanism (telephone, Web-bas...

Measuring clinicians' shared decision-making (SDM) performance is a key requirement given the intensity of policy interest in many developed countries - yet it remains one of the most difficult methodological challenges, which is a concern for many stakeholders. In this Viewpoint Article, we investigate the development of existing patient-reported measures (PRMs) of SDM identified in a recent r...

Although the importance of patient participation is acknowledged in today's healthcare, many challenges remain before patient participation can become an integral part of care provision. The ward round has traditionally been the forum for crucial decisions about patient care, but often with limited possibilities for patient participation. As part of the process of improving patient participatio...

Many countries are considering adopting political quotas for under-represented and disadvantaged minorities, but critics of the policy claim that it undermines political competition. Using evidence from India, I examine the impact of mandated political representation for disadvantaged minorities. Aggregate turnout falls by 9% of the baseline, but I find no negative impact on electoral competiti...

Community participation exercises in the development plan process in the United Kingdom have generally been undertaken by local authorities through a consultation process where planners draw up policies and strategies and then 'advertise' them to the public to seek legitimation. More innovative or democratic forms of participation in development planning (voluntarily entered into by local plann...

The problem of finding a next best viewpoint for 3D modeling or scene mapping has been explored in computer vision over the last decade. This paper tackles a similar problem, but with different characteristics, and proposes a method for dynamic best viewpoint recovery of a target point while avoiding possible occlusions. Since the environment can change, the method has to iteratively find the n...

For a long time, the bilevel programming problem has essentially been considered as a special case of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs), in particular when the so-called KKT reformulation is in question. Recently though, this widespread believe was shown to be false in general. In this paper, other aspects of the difference between both problems are revealed as we consi...