BACKGROUND The study sought to determine dynamic changes and theoretical bases of a clinical diagnostic test, the tear clearance rate. METHODS Thirty four healthy subjects ranging in age from 22 to 84 years underwent examination of tear clearance rate, the Schirmer test with anaesthesia, as well as fluorophotometric measurement of tear turnover, tear volume, and tear flow. By applying 0.5% fl...

Common bile duct (CBD) injury, ranging from a partial tear to a complete transection, is a major surgical complication of cholecystectomy with significant morbidity and mortality. Proper management of these complex injuries depends on the type and extent of injury and time of recognition. Identifying and repairing injuries during cholecystectomy can prevent development of complications, but thi...

The various types of suture anchors have become widely accepted in the orthopaedic shoulder surgery. The common uses being for Bankarts repair and rotator cuff repair. The use of suture anchors in orthopaedic surgery for indications other than shoulder surgery is sparsely reported in the literature. We report on our observations from a single centre following use of anchors outside the shoulder...

Traumatic tears of the meniscus are well reported in the literature. Rarely, bilateral meniscal tears occur. A PubMed search found that only three cases of bilateral medial meniscus bucket handle type tears have been reported. Treatment options range from partial meniscectomy to repair of the meniscal tear. Repair is reported to be more successful in the vascular red-red or red-white zones. We ...

Meniscal cysts are rare and often are a result of extrusion of synovial fluid through a tear of the meniscus, resulting in a one-way valve effect of the tear. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy of the meniscus with intra-articular cyst drainage has become the standard of care. We report a case of an unusually large symptomatic medial meniscal cyst, situated postero-medially and pressing on the p...

Background: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) combined with physical therapy (PT) have yielded pain relief similar to that provided by PT alone in randomized trials of subjects with a degenerative meniscal tear. However, many patients randomized to PT received APM before assessment of the primary outcome. We sought to identify factors associated with crossing over to APM and to compare pa...

A 66-year-old gentleman presents with extent II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) secondary to chronic dissection with a maximal diameter of 6 cm. Partial thrombosis of false lumen in thoracic and abdominal aorta was present. Intimal tear was detected at the origin of the left subclavian artery and the dissection extended down to the aortic bifurcation. The left femoral artery, ascending ...

Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHF) are seen more than half of all fractures in the elbow. SHF may cause to vascular and neurologic injury. The most causes of the vascular injury are thrombosis with intimal tear, brachial artery entrapment in the fracture site, compression of the artery due to deformity/swelling and partial or complete transection of the artery (by the perforating spike of th...

BACKGROUND In the case of rotator cuff tears, the biceps pulley can be stressed by the unstable biceps tendon, and this can subsequently affect the stability of the subscapularis tendon. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between normal variations and lesions of the biceps pulley that affect anterosuperior lesions in cases of rotator cuff tears. METHODS From January 2002 through Novemb...