A method is proposed for calculating the nitrogen equilibrium partial pressure pN2 of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric nitrides MNy and carbonitrides MCyN1ÿy (M ˆ Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta) with B1(NaCl)-type structure. Analytic forms are derived for the composition, nonstoichiometry, and temperature dependences of the nitrogen partial pressure of the afore-mentioned compounds. The partial pres...

A combination of classical thermodynamics and molecular theory was used to calculate the enhancement factor (ratio of vapor-phase partial pressure to saturated vapor pressure) for liquid mercury in equilibrium with air at standard atmospheric pressure at temperatures from 0 ◦C to 40 ◦C. The enhancement factors range from 1.0025 at 0 ◦C to 1.0016 at 40 ◦C. This enhancement is too small in magnit...

In industrial biotechnology, microbial cultures are exposed to different local pressures inside bioreactors. Depending on the microbial species and strains, the increased pressure may have detrimental or beneficial effects on cellular growth and product formation. In this review, the effects of increased air pressure on various microbial cultures growing in bioreactors under moderate total pres...

BACKGROUND Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has a beneficial effect on nocturnal hypoventilation and hospitalisation rates in adults with static or slowly progressive neuromuscular disease and respiratory failure. Its role in children affected with similar disease processes, however, remains unclear. AIMS To investigate the impact of NPPV on hospitalisations and sleep related...

A simple model has been constructed for microcomputer (PC) simulations involving basic cardiopulmonary principles of oxygen transport. Students can change parameters such as metabolic rate, blood hemoglobin concentration, barometric pressure, air composition, etc., and study parameter effects on blood gas concentrations and partial pressures. An important feature of the model program is that th...

Human erythrocytes were exposed to high concentrations of methane and nitrogen through the application of elevated partial pressures of these gas molecules. Cell leakage (haemolysis) was measured for cells exposed to these gases under a wide range of experimental conditions. Application of methane produces haemolysis at pressures far below the hydrostatic pressures known to disrupt membrane or ...

A discrete-bubble model that predicts the rate of oxygen transfer in diffused-bubble systems is evaluated. Key inputs are the applied gas flow rate and the initial bubble size distribution. The model accounts for changes in the volume of individual bubbles due to transfer of oxygen and nitrogen (and hence changing partial pressure), variation in hydrostatic pressure, and changes in temperature....

1. A method is described for measuring tissue oxidation under reduced barometric pressure. 2. The oxygen uptake of yeast is diminished by low barometric pressures to a greater extent than by a reduction of the partial pressure of oxygen, to a corresponding degree, at atmospheric pressure. 3. This effect of low pressure is not observed with certain in vitro oxidation systems. 4. The anaerobic re...