Parkinson's disease, 'paralysis agitans', is characterized by a number of abnormalities. A similar clinical picture may be symptomatic of other disturbances: these are briefly described and the differential diagnosis is discussed.

Parkinsonism and rapid cognitive impairment may have many causes, but only a few specific treatment. Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) represents 10-15% of intracranial malformations. Clinical manifestations depend on location venous drainage. It is common the presence pulsatile tinnitus, bruits headache or papilledema. Progressive decline an unusual presentation due to bilateral thala...

INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is one of the most common human diseases worldwide, and metastases are detected in approximately 20% of patients at diagnosis. Brain metastases occur in only 4% of cases, however, and usually present with hemiparesis or other motor or sensory symptoms. There have been only a few reports of parkinsonism secondary to a brain tumor-related mass effect. CASE PRESENT...

Some textbooks on general and neurological medicine give the impression that cerebral arteriosclerosis is an important cause of Parkinsonism (e.g., Alpers, 1945; Yater, 1949; Purves-Stewart and Worster-Drought, 1952; Wilson, 1955; Cecil and Loeb, 1959; Grinker, Bucy, and Sahs, 1959; Merritt, 1959; Baker, 1962; Brain, 1962). Whether or not this is so, it is often very difficult to distinguish cl...

BACKGROUND Benign tremulous parkinsonism has never been precisely defined nor has the long-term course been studied. OBJECTIVE To report the clinical features and longitudinal course of patients with benign tremulous parkinsonism encountered in our movement disorders practice. DESIGN Computer search of medical records database. SETTING Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. PATIENTS Of 116 patie...

OBJECTIVE To delineate molecular and clinical characteristics of 3 families with PRNP P105L mutation, a variant of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome whose main motor symptoms were parkinsonism and/or involuntary movements. METHODS The causative mutation was first determined in the affected patients of family 1 using whole-exome sequencing, and then mutational analysis was extended to fa...

Several lines of evidence show that homocysteine (Hcy) levels are increased in blood and CSF of patients with Parkinson's disease. B vitamins are necessary for Hcy metabolism and their deficiencies cause hyperhomocysteinemia and neurodegeneration. In present study, effect of B vitamin supplementation on the severity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism was investigated. Rats were ...

Abnormal levels of brain iron have been reported in parkinsonism, which is characterized principally by degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) nigrostriatal neurons. There are conflicting reports, however, of both increased and decreased iron in parkinsonism. An animal model of parkinsonism was used to clarify the contribution of the loss of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons to abnormal iron accumulatio...

Parkinsonism refers to a neurological syndrome embracing bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, tremor at rest and impaired postural reflexes, and involving a broad differential diagnosis. Having ruled out secondary causes (most importantly drugs), distinguishing levodopa-responsive idiopathic parkinson's disease (PD) from chiefly treatment-resistant and hence atypical parkinsonism is essential. Recent...

BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Genes contributing to rare mendelian forms of PD have been identified, but the genes involved in the more common idiopathic PD are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To identify genes important to PD pathogenesis using microarrays and to investigate their potential to aid in diagnosing par...