We analyze a tourism supply chain containing a theme park, local hotels, and multiple travel agents using a game theoretic approach in three scenarios: Nash equilibrium, Stackelberg equilibrium, and full cooperation. We find that a vertical cooperative advertising strategy is particularly effective in increasing customer demand.

BACKGROUND The number of sports facilities, sports clubs, or city parks in a residential neighbourhood may affect the likelihood that people participate in sports and their preferences for a certain sports location. This study aimed to assess whether objective physical and socio-spatial neighbourhood characteristics relate to sports participation and preferences for sports locations. METHODS ...

We report on the long-distance movements of subadult female buffalo within a Transfrontier Conservation Area in Africa. Our observations confirm that bovine tuberculosis and other diseases can spread between buffalo populations across national parks, community land, and countries, thus posing a risk to animal and human health in surrounding wildlife areas.

the city is alive with dynamic systems, where parks and urban green spaces have high strategic importance which help to improve living conditions. urban parks are used as visual landscape with so many benefits such as reducing stress, reducing air pollution and producing oxygen, creating opportunities for people to participate in physical activities, optimal environment for children and decreas...

When exercising in a town or city, make use of parks, public spaces and trails with low emission zones as much as possible. A growing amount of research is showing that greenspaces contribute to our health and wellbeing.

This paper explores the impact of increased knowledge intensity on industry and firm structures for the purpose of ensuring sustained abilities to create new knowledge within the context of biotechnology. The paper focuses on understanding the drivers and limitations of collaboration between various small firms, larger companies, and universities within a Finnish biotechnology context. In addit...

INTRODUCTION ROATH LAKE is a large artificial lake situated in one of the municipal parks of Cardiff, and well known as a pleasure-spot, for angling, boating, and for its waterfowl." Roath Park, in which. the lake is situated, is also noted for its recreational facilities and splendid botanical gardens, which include one of the finest rose gardens in Great Britain. An attraction of the lake up ...

Interactions between polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and humans in 6 national parks in the Canadian Arctic from 1986 to 2000 were examined (n = 53). No human fatalities and only 1 injury occurred. Bears were killed in only 4% of interactions, a much lower rate than in other studies, possibly because of the availability of deterrents. Interactions occurred mainly in summer in parks where bears are...

Public health is increasingly engaging with multi-faceted obesity prevention efforts. Although parks represent key community assets for broader public health, they may not be distributed equitably and associations with obesity are equivocal. We investigated park access and quality relative to deprivation and obesity with individual-level data from the Yorkshire Health Study. Compared to the lea...

Mobility restrictions in older adults are common and increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes and premature mortality. The effect of built environment on mobility in older populations, among whom environmental effects may be strongest, is the focus of a growing body of the literature. We reviewed recent research (1990-2010) that examined associations of objective measures of the buil...