Considering the rapid climate changes worldwide, with the purpose to reduce financial losses for dairy farmers and enable a more sustainable farming as well, there is an increasing necessity to implement breeding values for heat resistance in breeding strategies. The estimation of breeding values requires a determination of temperature-humidity index (THI) threshold value. Therefore, the object...

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between milk score (MS) and litter weight at 70 d (LW) for four sheep breeds in the United States. Milk score is a subjective measure of milk production used to assess milk production of range ewes when milk yield cannot be quantitatively determined. Variance components for MS and LW were estimated for each of Targhee, Columbia, Rambouillet,...

Early weaning is used to advance postpartum ovulation in beef cows, but triggers a stress response, affecting cows' and calves' welfare. Our aim was to compare the response to early weaning in multiparous and primiparous cows. Seventy-one days after birth, calves from 14 primiparous and 11 multiparous cows were weaned. Since birth, cow's body weight (BW), body condition (BC), milk yield and cal...

There are several different milking management systems in Latin America, because Gir cattle are reputed to be easily stressed and not well adapted to machine-milking. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of hormone release and behavior during suckling and milking in Gir cows and their cross-bred offspring. Several experiments were performed to study oxytocin release during exclusive suck...

Simulation models of parallel, rotary, and side-opening milking parlors were built that could predict milking parlor performance according to herd size, number of milking stalls, labor quality, and cow characteristics. The models were validated by statistically comparing the duration of the simulated milking process with actual data collected at 3 dairy farms during 12 mo. Various scenarios wer...

We review the theory of odd-frequency pairing in superconducting heterostructures, where an odd-frequency pairing component is induced near interfaces. A general description of the superconducting proximity effect in a normal metal or a ferromagnet attached to an unconventional superconductor (S) is given within quasiclassical kinetic theory for various types of symmetry state in S. Various pos...