1. Serum and stools obtained in the pre-icteric phase of one patient, and pooled specimens of the same materials from 5 patients with experimentally induced (by feeding) infectious hepatitis produced the disease in 10 out of 15 human volunteers following feeding or parenteral inoculation. 2. Pooled specimens of urine and nasopharyngeal washings from 5 patients, obtained in the acute phase of in...

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated in alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and in cirrhotic patients with moderate or severe malnutrition. PN should be started immediately when sufficientl oral or enteral feeding is not possible. ASH and cirrhosis patients who can be sufficiently fed either orally or enterally, but who have to abstain from food over a period of more than 12 hours (including noct...

There is limited knowledge of the benefits and complications associated with different modes of nutritional support in horses recovering from colic, and further clinical studies are required to facilitate refinement of feeding recommendations. However, there is evidence in humans and other species that protein and energy malnutrition can have deleterious effects on recovery from critical illnes...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether lack of enteral feeding significantly impairs generation of specific immune responses to an acute viral infection. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Parenteral feeding provides adequate nutrients to meet metabolic needs, but lack of enteral stimulation creates a defect in mucosal immunity characterized by loss of IgA-mediated defenses in the respiratory tract. METHODS The ...

Conventional wisdom has previously dictated that, in order to avoid stimulation of pancreatic secretion during acute pancreatitis, and thus avoid the perpetuation of the enzymatic activation from which the pancreatitis originated, enteral feeding should be avoided. With greater understanding of the potential role of the gastrointestinal tract in the development of a systemic inflammatory respon...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late defecation (absence of laxation for more than 6 days after admission) as an indicator of lower-gastrointestinal (GI) tract dysfunction in burn patients. In addition, the authors wanted to determine whether the addition of polyethylene glycol 3350 to the standard bowel regimen led to improvement in markers of lower-GI function and out...

Milk intolerance due to functional gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility is a common problem in preterm infants. In the past decade, erythromycin has been used for its motilinomimetric effect to facilitate enteral feeding in preterm infants. Although earlier studies suggested that erythromycin is an effective prokinetic agent, recent randomized control trials (RCTs) reveal conflicting findings. Thi...

Delivering adequate amounts of nutrients to premature infants at all times is challenging because the infant's immature gastrointestinal tract is initially unable to accept feedings, necessitating the use of parenteral nutrition. In the past, inadequate amounts of nutrients have commonly been given to premature infants because the administration of nutrients was thought to be hazardous. Inadequ...

In the majority (80%) of patients with acute pancreatitis, the disease is self limiting and, after a few days of withholding feeding and intravenous administration of fluids, patients can again be normally fed orally. In a small percentage of patients, the disease progresses to severe necrotic pancreatitis, with an intense systemic inflammatory response and often with multiple organ dysfunction...