Mouse peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were interacted in vitro with C. parvum oocysts and cultured in normal medium and in medium with IFN-gamma. The results showed that in vitro activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma limits C. parvum development although the inhibitory effect is not as potent as in other intracellular parasitic protozoa.

Parasitic twins, a specific type of conjoined twins [6], occur when one twin ceases development during gestation [7] and becomes vestigial to the fully formed dominant twin, called the autositic twin. The underdeveloped twin is called parasitic because it is only partially formed, is not functional, or is wholly dependent on the autositic twin. In most cases, the phenotype of parasitic twins is...

This paper focuses on protocols for human smartcard interaction which allow the user to authorise individual smartcard transactions whilst not sacri cing useability or security In the past protocols for secure transactions have traded o useabil ity against security whereas the protocols presented here are designed so that they tradeo security against hardware complexity and always give high use...

Parasitic twins, a specific type of conjoined twins [6], occur when one twin ceases development during gestation [7] and becomes vestigial to the fully formed dominant twin, called the autositic twin. The underdeveloped twin is called parasitic because it is only partially formed, is not functional, or is wholly dependent on the autositic twin. In most cases, the phenotype of parasitic twins is...