This study investigates beginning level adult Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) learners’ difficulties with Mandarin Chinese tones. Twenty CFL learners enrolled in a first semester CFL course in a U.S. university participated as speakers. Their productions of Mandarin phrases and sentences were judged by native Mandarin listeners for pronunciation and tone problems and were also rated by nati...

Dalam proses belajar bahasa Mandarin, motivasi dan sikap mahasiswa menentukan ke efektifitan pembelajaran mandarin. Motivasi dibagi menjadi eksternal internal, keduanya dapat berbaur satu sama lain untuk menstimulasi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasi kelas kuesioner dalam pengumpulan data. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. bertujuan menganalisis S...

the research focused to evaluate physical, chemical, and sensory properties of raw, blanched, and 2, 4, and 6% osmotically salt treated mandarin (citrus reticulata) peel powder. the yields of mandarin peel powder (mpp) were found in the range of 29.1 to 30.4% (db) for different treatments, which were not significantly different. the bulk density and solubility were found in the range of 1,267-1...

Contrary to studies on speech learning of consonants and vowels, the issue individual variability is less well understood in lexical tones. Whereas existing have focused contour-tone (Mandarin) by listeners without experience a tonal language, this study addressed research gap investigating perceptual level-tone contrasts (Cantonese) learners with system (Mandarin). Critically, we sought answer...

We motivate and present a corpus of scripted and spontaneous speech in both the native and the non-native language of talkers from various language backgrounds. Using corpus recordings from 11 native English and 11 late Mandarin-English bilinguals we compared speech timing across native English, native Mandarin, and Mandarin-accented English. Findings showed similarities across native Mandarin ...

Tone plays a fundamental role in Mandarin Chinese, as it plays a lexical role in determining the meanings of words in spoken Mandarin. For example, these two sentences R R (I like horses) and R M (I like to scold) differ only in the tone carried by the last syllable. Thus, the inclusion of tone-related information through analysis of pitch data should improve the performance of automatic speech...

introduction: citrus fruits, which belong to the family of rutaceae are one of the main fruit tree crops grown throughout the world. although sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is the major fruit in this group accounting for about 70% of citrus output.citrus fruits are well – appreciated fortheir refreshing juice and health benefits.the health benefits of citrus fruits are linked to the high amount...

This paper addresses recent results on Mandarin spoken dialogues and introduces the collection of a large Mandarin conversational dialogue corpus. In the context of data processing, principles of transcription are proposed and accordingly a transcription tool is specifically developed for Mandarin spoken conversations.

11.1 Introduction This chapter describes the initial stages of development of a Pan-Mandarin ToBI system. We will review the salient prosodic characteristics of Mandarin, with particular attention to the range of variability within a common structural core, and then propose an initial codification of conventions for marking prosodic structure in two standard varieties and one regional variety o...

Mandarin-English Information (MEI) is one of the four projects selected for the Johns Hopkins University Summer Workshop 2000. We plan to develop technologies for using written queries to search spoken documents (cross-media) between English and Mandarin Chinese (cross-language). Our research focus is on the integration of speech recognition and machine translation technologies in the context o...