Chiral 3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c][2]benzopyrans (TFBs) were synthesized and some of them were found to be herbicidally active against annual paddy weeds through intensive structure–activity relationship studies. These compounds were synthesized from D-glucose, which was used as a natural chiral source. This was the result of a series of studies based on the findings that certain benzyl...

[1] Soil organic carbon (SOC) in cropland is of great importance to the global carbon (C) balance and to agricultural productivity, but it is highly sensitive to human activities such as irrigation and crop rotation. It has been observed that under certain improved management practices, cropland soils can sequestrate additional C beyond their existing SOC level before reaching the C saturation ...

Part (I) of this study presented field and laboratory experimental data on soil characteristics and hydraulic parameters that are related to water infiltration in rice paddy fields. Part (II) includes a series of numerical simulations that are based on the in situ data, which three-dimensional finite element computer model for simulating density dependent flow and transport (FEMWATER) produced ...

Rice cropping systems not only characterize comprehensive utilization intensity of agricultural resources but also serve as the basis to enhance the provision services of agro-ecosystems. Yet, it is always affected by external factors, like agricultural policies. Since 2004, seven consecutive No.1 Central Documents issued by the Central Government have focused on agricultural development in Chi...

An understanding of the influence of flooding on electrochemical and chemical properties of paddy soils provides insight needed in their management for rice production.When an aerobic soil is submerged, its redox potential decreases during the first few days and reaches a minimum; then it increases, attains a maximum, and decreases again asymptotically to a value characteristic of the soil, aft...

Aero-Pipeline Spraying System is a special ultra-working-width precision pesticide sprayer, which can broaden working scope, improve working efficiency, precisely transfer feed liquid to farm field that need to be sprayed, spray pesticides to crops in a very close range, and then improve working precision and reduce the losses of liquid materials such as pesticides. During the ultra-working-wid...

BACKGROUND Robust malaria vector surveillance is essential for optimally selecting and targeting vector control measures. Sixty-two vector surveillance sites were established between 2005 and 2008 by the national malaria surveillance program in China to measure Anopheles sinensis human biting rates. Using these data to determine the primary ecological drivers of malaria vector human biting rate...

To assess the role of floodwater in controlling the exchanges of CO2 and CH4 from soil, floodwater and the canopy in intermittently flooded rice paddies, an intensive field campaign (IREX96) was conducted in Japan during August 1996. Eddy covariance was employed to measure fluxes of heat, water vapor and CO2. The flux-gradient method was used to determine CH4 fluxes from measured profiles of CH...

Although climate change is predicted to affect methane (CH4) emissions in paddy soil, the dynamics of methanogens and methanotrophs in paddy fields under climate change have not yet been fully investigated. To address this issue, a multifactor climate change experiment was conducted in a Chinese paddy field using the following experimental treatments: (1) enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentra...

Seeds of oryza sativa were cultivated in the seedlings and effects urea on changes pH soil growth paddy observed. Urea (80 kg/ha) was applied to one after 20 days germination length determined from 25 application. Soil gradually decreased with increasing grown control seedling. However, no found treated seedling up similar paddy. The compared falls growth. We also examined effect Paddy both ger...