A definition for the statistical significance of a signal in an experiment is proposed by establishing a correlation between the observed p-value and the normal distribution integral probability, which is suitable for both counting experiment and continuous test statistics. The explicit expressions to calculate the statistical significance for both cases are given.

An original method is proposed for spatial cluster detection of case event data. A selection order and the distance from the nearest neighbour are attributed to each point, once pre-selected points have been taken into account. This distance is weighted by the expected distance under the uniform distribution hypothesis. Potential clusters are located by modelling the multiple structural change ...

Research indicates that living in neighborhoods with high concentrations of boarded-up vacant homes is associated with premature mortality due to cancer and diabetes, but the mechanism for this relationship is unclear. Boarded-up housing may indirectly impact residents' health by affecting their food environment. We evaluated the association between changes in vacancy rates and changes in the d...

As the use of large-scale data-driven analysis becomes increasingly common, the need for robust methods for interpreting a large number of results increases. To date, neuroimaging attempts to interpret large-scale activity or connectivity results often turn to existing neural mapping based on previous literature. In case of a large number of results, manual selection or percent of overlap with ...

This paper considers the extension of the dose finding problem in a one-way layout setting to the case of several groups, in which the main goal is to identify the minimum effective dose (MED) of each group simultaneously. We propose two nonparametric procedures using the respective pairwise- and Helmert-type two-sample Mann-Whitney statistics, which are applied in a step-down testing scheme fo...

Significance tests and the corresponding p-values play a crucial role in decision making. In this commentary the meaning, interpretation and misinterpretation of p-values is presented. Alternatives for evaluating the reported evidence are also discussed.