In this study, the relationship among four species of Polygonum (including P. hyrcanicum (three samples), P. persicaria, P. avicular, and P. hydropiper) was investigated by GC profiling. Furthermore, the major compounds of the ethylic ether extract of P. hyrcanicum were identified by GC/MS as: α-bisabolol (17.5%), cedrol (15.9%), sesquisabinene hydra...

Abstract Background In 2017, large-scale flowering, seeding, and dying events of dwarf bamboo ( Sasa borealis ) occurred in a wide range central Japan for the first time 120 years. This phenomenon S. , like mast seeding trees, could be expected to provide large amount food seed-eating rodents gradually affect their ecology population dynamics. We captured survey plots secondary broad-leaved for...

The indirect effects of hosts on interactions between parasites and other species are not well understood, and it may be difficult to predict the outcome of host species effects on parasite performance due to the complexity of potential direct and indirect effects. For example, parasitic plants obtain defensive compounds as well as nutrients from their hosts, and thus many attributes of parasit...

Little previous work has been conducted on effects of natural, high-severity wildfires on nitrogen (N) dynamics. We measured aboveground plant biomass, foliar N, and net N mineralization 2 years after stand-replacing fires in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA. We detected a five-fold difference in foliar N (% dry weight) among 14 s...

IT is well known that the larvae of certain mosquitoes can thrive both in fresh water and in water of a high degree of salinity, while the larvae of other mosquitoes are quickly killed by salt water; and that such differences may exist even between local races of the same species (Evans, 1931). It is evident that we have here to deal with a physiological adaptation, and it was the object of the...

The marine nematodes usually comprise free-living species, although a few are parasitic. However, several cases of free-living nematodes found accidentally in the digestive tract of certain vertebrates, especially fishes, have sometimes been recorded and categorized as pseudoparasites. In the present work, two species of marine fishes, the rhomboid crappie, Diapterus rhombeus, and the silvered ...

The large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) were captured and kept in stainless cages under a constant condition at 23°C and 14 L: 100 photoperiod, and the growth, development and reproduction were investigated in this species. Modification of feeding condition and nest materials and introduction of a chamber and a running wheel apparatus into each cage first enabled this species to bree...

The volume under review forms Part I of the results of an expedition to study filariasis in the Islands of the Pacific, and is devoted to the entomological side of the problem. In addition to this, there is a short account of the malaria problem of the New Hebrides group, the depopulation of which has already been treated of by the same author in a most interesting paper elsewhere {Trans. Roy. ...