An efficient triphenylphosphine oxide-catalyzed amidation and esterification for the rapid synthesis of a series dipeptides, amides, esters is described. This reaction applicable to challenging couplings hindered carboxylic acids with weakly nucleophilic amines or alcohols, giving products in good yields (67–90%) without racemization. system employs highly reactive intermediate Ph3PCl2 as activ...

To what extent does glutamine turnover keep pace with oxidative metabolism in the rat heart? To address this question, the following groups of substrates were presented to the isolated, working rat heart: 1) glucose (5 mM), insulin (40 microU/ml), and [2-13C]acetate (5 mM; high workload, n = 5); 2) pyruvate (2.5 mM) and [2-13C]acetate (5 mM; normal workload, n = 5); or 3) propionate (1 mM) and ...

The interactions of proteins with reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result in covalent modifications of amino acid residues in proteins, formation of protein-protein cross-linkages, and oxidation of the protein backbone resulting in protein fragmentation. In an attempt to elucidate the products of the metal-catalyzed oxidation of the human (H) and mouse (M) (1-10H), (1-10M), (1-16H) and (1-16M)...

Biocatalytic acylation/amidation is well-known and has been applied for decades but it has often been limited to the use of organic solvents to avoid hydrolysis. The acyl transferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) is an enzyme that can perform trans-acylations in aqueous solution. Only a few hydrolases can catalyze trans-acylation in water and MsAcT also has the ability to act as a perhyd...

Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are important phytochemicals possessing significant biological properties. Several investigators have studied in vitro antioxidant activity of HCAs in detail. In this review, we have gathered the studies focused on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these compounds that have used medicinal chemistry to generate more potent antioxidant molecules. Most of ...