We have examined the ultrastructure of mitochondria as it relates to energy metabolism in the intact cell. Oxidative phosphorylation was induced in ultrastructurally intact Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by rapidly generating intracellular adenosine diphosphate from endogenous adenosine triphosphate by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose. The occurrence of oxidative phosphorylation was ascertained indi...

Pt(PCyp3)2 (Cyp = cyclopentyl) undergoes C-O oxidative addition with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxypyridine, pentafluoroanisole, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroanisole and 2,3,6-trifluoroanisole yielding platinum methyl derivatives. The reactions occur in preference to C-H or C-F activation.

Addition of fluoroarenes, fluoroalkanes or benzofuran to [{(2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3NCMe)2CH}Al] results in facile oxidative addition of either a C-F or C-O bond to the Al(I) centre.

Bis-N-heterocyclic carbenes Pd0 complexes, Pd(NHC)2, are efficient catalysts in Heck reactions performed with aryl bromides or chlorides. The Pd(NHC)2 that are not stable are generated in situ from PdII precursors PdY2(NHC)2 (Y = halides) after a chemical reduction. The latter procedure can be mimicked by an electrochemical reduction. The transient Pd(NHCBn)2 is generated by electrochemical red...

The manifold of reaction pathways for the oxidative addition of phenyl bromide and phenyl chloride substrates to phosphine-modified palladium(0) complexes has been investigated with dispersion-corrected density functional theory (B3LYP-D2) for a range of synthetically relevant ligands, permitting the evaluation of ligand, substrate and method effects on calculated predictions. Bulky and electro...

BACKGROUND Alongside flour, fat is the key ingredient of sponge cakes, including those with long shelf lives. It is an unstable food component, whose quality and nutritional safety depend on the composition and pres- ence of oxidation products. Consumption of fat oxidation products adversely affects the human body and contributes to the incidence of a number of medical conditions. Qualitative c...

Oxidative stress is an important factor in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration. In the retinal pigment epithelium, oxidative stress induces protective pathways, notably the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways, but also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD-1) signaling conduct c...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple human diseases, in addition to the aging process. Although various stimuli exist, acute exercise is known to induce a transient increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), evident by several reports of increased oxidative damage following acute bouts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Although the results are s...

Oxidative damage to DNA, implicated in mutagenesis, aging, and cancer, follows electron loss that generates a radical cation that migrates to a guanine, where it may react with water to form 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-OxoG). Molecular dynamics and ab initio quantum simulations on a B-DNA tetradecamer reveal activated reaction pathways that depend on the local counterion arrangement. The lowest...

Ab initio calculations (Hartree-Fock, generalized valence bond, and configuration interaction), utilizing relativistic core potentials, have been used to follow the oxidative addition of Hz to Pt(PH,),. We find an activation barrier of 2.3 kcal/mol and an exothermicity of 15.9 kcal/mol. From examination of the geometries and wave functions, we find that up to the transition state the H-H bond i...