A new modeling approach to subcritical crack propagation (i.e. static fatigue) in ceramics is introduced and applied to the case of ceramic fibers. This approach relies on classical fracture mechanics, in which the zone near the crack’s tip is modified by the environment (particularly through oxidation). Chemical reactions and diffusion are introduced naturally, which makes the model highly dep...

We observed physiological and metabolic activity of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR1 and Escherichia coli strain MG1655 at pressures of 68 to 1680 megapascals (MPa) in diamond anvil cells. We measured biological formate oxidation at high pressures (68 to 1060 MPa). At pressures of 1200 to 1600 MPa, living bacteria resided in fluid inclusions in ice-VI crystals and continued to be viable upon su...

Sulfur is vital for primary and secondary metabolism in plant roots. To understand the molecular and morphogenetic changes associated with loss of this key macronutrient, we grew Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings in low-sulfur conditions. These conditions induced a cascade of cellular events that converged to produce a profound intracellular phenotype defined by large cytoplasmic inc...

We present an effective numerical approach to simulate electrochemically mediated desalination of seawater. This new membraneless, energy efficient desalination method relies on the oxidation of chloride ions, which generates an ion depletion zone and local electric field gradient near the junction of a microchannel branch to redirect sea salt into the brine stream, consequently producing desal...

Combining multi-Parametric Sensitivity Analysis (MPSA) with stream transport modeling is proposed to determine the relative importance of physical and biogeochemical processes controlling natural attenuation of contaminants. The MPSA is based on a large number of Monte-Carlo simulations to identify the sensitive parameters over a broad range of each parameter. This combined approach is applied ...

Ti-6Al-4V alloys consisting of α-Ti grains and intergranular β-Ti islands were nitrided at 850°C for 1 to 12 h under a nitrogen pressure of 1 Pa. With increasing nitriding time, the Ti-N compound layer became thicker, and the α-Ti diffusion zone containing dissolved nitrogen became wider. In the Ti-N compound layer, the initially formed Ti2N became TiN as the nitriding progressed. The nitride l...

novel nano-catalysts (nano zno and fe doped zno (fe(0.1)zn(0.99)o) synthesized by co-precipitation method in aqueous solution as new nanocatalysts and characterized by common techniques as ftir, xrd, sem and uvd. the size of particles obtained from xrd data is 27 and 16 nanometers for zno and fresno respectively. influences of doped fe on zno catalytic properties in oxidation of benzylic alcoho...

Abstract. Small boreal lakes are known to contribute significantly global CH4 emissions. Lake Lovojärvi is a eutrophic lake in southern Finland with bottom water concentrations up 2 mM. However, the surface concentration, and thus diffusive emission potential, was low (< 0.5 µM). We studied biogeochemical processes involved removal by chemical profiling through incubation experiments. ?13C-C...

In the last years, injection of reducing gases in shaft and preparation zone blast furnace has been proposed as a decarbonization option, mainly associated to oxyfuel furnaces top gas recycling configurations. However, Rist diagram, which is one preferred methodologies characterize operation furnaces, not valid evaluate these new options. this article we propose generalization operating line me...