this article analyses the push and pull factors that bring visitors to the iranian national parks. the study used a structured questionnaire to collect data on these factors and the socio-demographic profile of the visitors. survey conducted in boujagh national park, an area of 3177 hectares located in the north of the iran, produced 400 questionnaires. the factor analysis identified four push ...

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Due to limitations of 0.618 pole method, the triangle method and the champ ground resistance tester method on grounding resistance measurement of transmission lines and towers under conditions of complex landscape in a mountainous area, it adopts a generalized three-electrode grounding resistance measurement method which arranges electrode flexibly in the grounding resistance measurement of tra...

The character of a landscape can be seen as the outcome of people’s perception of their physical environment, which is important for spatial planning and decision making. Three modes of landscape perception are proposed: view from a viewpoint, view from a road, and view of an area. Three sampling methods to calculate visibility measures simulate these modes of perception. We compared the result...