The Frank-Starling relationship of the heart yields increased stroke volume with greater end-diastolic volume, and this relationship is steeper after beta-adrenergic stimulation. The underlying basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism involves length-dependent changes in both Ca(2+) sensitivity of myofibrillar force and power output. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PKA-induced phosph...

Endogenous and exogenous stimulation of the pancreas was studied to determine whether changes in protein output could be linked to decreased total plasma amino acid concentrations. In fasted rats, diversion of pancreatic juice resulted in a transient increase in protein output and a linked fall in total plasma amino acid. In fed animals, however, diversion of juice did not result in any change ...

This paper analyzes the output]energy relationship with alternative measures of output and energy. Our analysis rejects the hypothesis of non-diminishing returns to energy consumption when GDP at purchasing power parities is used as the output measure unlike the case with GNP at market exchange rates. This finding also holds when energy input includes the usage of both commercial and traditiona...

This paper examines co-integration and the causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the economic output or Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the both short and long run of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India over the period of 1972-2008. Three econometric models, viz. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Engle-Granger two-step co-integration test, Vector error correction mechanis...

Abstract data types (ADTs) may be regarded as abstract machines and then a program for an ADT is any sequence of operations allowed by its specification. The effect of such programs on container ADTs is captured by the relationship between each input sequence and the set of possible output sequences that can result from it. This relationship is studied principally in the case of dictionaries, s...