A well-designed open space that encourages outdoor activity and social communication is a community asset that could potentially contribute to the health of local residents and social harmony of the community. Numerous factors may influence the use of each single space and may result in a variety of visitors. Compared with previous studies that focused on accessibility, this study highlights th...

Gibbons have adapted to live in the canopy layer of the rainforest. Gibbons in the wild predominantly spend their time high in the trees resting, traveling, and foraging for food. Comparatively, gibbons in the zoo often rest and search for their food terrestrially. The purpose of this study was to provide these arboreal smaller apes with more opportunities to utilize more vertical space. Six gi...

This paper investigates real-time N-dimensional wideband sound source localization in outdoor (far-field) and lowdegree reverberation cases, using a simple N-microphone arrangement. Outdoor sound source localization in different climates needs highly sensitive and high-performance microphones, which are very expensive. Reduction of the microphone count is our goal. Time delay estimation (TDE)-b...

In a preliminary study, paired indoor and outdoor air sampling was conducted at three locations around the city of Lancaster, UK to examine the influence of combustion sources on air quality by measuring particulate concentrations, particulate magnetic properties and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). With one exception (an indoor suburban air sample), outdoor air samples had higher total suspen...

Estimating the wandering visual focus of attention (WVFOA) for multiple people is an important problem with many applications in human behavior understanding. One such application, addressed in this paper, monitors the attention of passers-by to outdoor advertisements. To solve the WVFOA problem, we propose a multi-person tracking approach based on a hybrid Dynamic Bayesian Network that simulta...

Space exploration has been carried on by means of small space vehicles and small manned space stations. In order to realize more complex space stations, with the presence of a greater number of vehicles and persons, it is necessary to consider the installation of systems for providing the safety of people and machines in the space environment, e.g. by avoiding collision between vehicles or by p...

This paper presents our novel concept Outdoor Virtual Reality. By using outdoor augmented reality techniques we propose to build very wide area virtual reality systems, outdoor virtual reality. The concept of outdoor virtual reality is compared and contrasted to traditional definitions of augmented reality and virtual reality. We present our flexible Tinmith-evo5 software architecture as a plat...

Spaces are continuous realms where human beings freely navigate, such as from indoor to outdoor and optionally another space. However, currently available data models represent space for navigation do not entirely reflect this continuity of freedom movement. Data conversion or complications in implementation hinder current approaches link with due the variety present models. Furthermore, repres...

I. Different environments, different models How can we formally model a built environment and capture the fundamental properties relevant to its inhabitants? Space syntax provides a set of rigorously defined techniques for describing spatial configurations like building interiors and urban squares—it appears to be a natural approach to use. Yet whether you chose to use an axial map, a visibilit...