Experiences of left-behind family members transnational migrant workers have been in the shadow academic discourse on migration. To contribute to slowly growing body literature, this study explores impact male out-migration wives. The proposes and applies a novel framework estimate Women Empowerment Index (WEI) for comparing empowerment level across households with without men labor. Cross-sect...

in exploration seismology, migration refers to a multi-channel processing step that attempts to spatially re-position events and improve focusing. before migration, seismic data is usually displayed with traces plotted at the surface location of the receivers and with a vertical time axis. this means that dipping reflections are systematically mispositioned in the lateral coordinate and the ver...