Optimized Schwarz Methods (OSM) use Robin transmission conditions across the subdomain interfaces. The Robin parameter can then be optimized to obtain the fastest convergence. A new formulation is presented with a coarse grid correction. The optimal parameter is computed for a model problem on a cylinder, together with the corresponding convergence factor which is smaller than that of classical...

We investigate the use of generalized representations (POS, morphological analysis and word clusters) in phrase-based models and the N-gram-based Operation Sequence Model (OSM). Our integration enables these models to learn richer lexical and reordering patterns, consider wider contextual information and generalize better in sparse data conditions. When interpolating generalized OSM models on t...

The bone marrow (BM) is an essential organ for hematopoiesis in adult, in which proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) is orchestrated by various stromal cells. Alterations of BM hematopoietic environment lead to various hematopoietic disorders as exemplified by the linking of fatty marrow with increased adipogenesis to anemia or pancytopenia. Therefore,...

We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and oncostatin M (OSM), cytokines that bind to distinct classes of receptors, differentially regulate expression of P- and E-selectin in murine and primate endothelial cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, TNF-alpha rapidly increased mRNA for E-selectin but not P-selectin. OSM elicited...

We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine whether tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and oncostatin M (OSM), cytokines that bind to distinct classes of receptors, differentially regulate expression of Pand E-selectin in murine and primate endothelial cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, TNF-a rapidly increased mRNA for E-selectin but not P-selectin. OSM elicited little or no ...

The visual system is constantly bombarded with dynamic input. In this context, the creation of enduring object representations presents a particular challenge. We used object-substitution masking (OSM) as a tool to probe these processes. In particular, we examined the effect of target-like stimulus repetitions on OSM. In visual crowding, the presentation of a physically identical stimulus to th...

Inflammatory response and articular destruction are common symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone that centrally regulates weight control, may exert proinflammatory effects in the joint, depending on the immune response. Yet, the mechanism of leptin interacting with the arthritic inflammatory response is unclear. This study finds tha...

The Caenorhabditis elegans ASH sensory neurons mediate responses to nose touch, hyperosmolarity, and volatile repellent chemicals. We show here that distinct signaling pathways mediate the responses to touch and hyperosmolarity. ASH neurons distinguish between these stimuli because habituation to nose touch has no effect on the response to high osmolarity or volatile chemicals (1-octanol). Muta...