THE use of the visuscope in an amblyopic eye helps to determine the part of the retina used during uniocular fixation. However, it is also important to know from a clinical standpoint whether the fovea is inhibited through a peripheral or a central mechanism, and whether in a particular case, the resolving power of the rods or the cones is affected. Various authors have studied the behaviour of...

INTRODUCTION Orthoptic exercises have been the primary treatment for convergence insufficiency since this condition's first description in 1855. It is presumed that exercises work by improving fusional convergence. In recent years, research from eye movement laboratories has challenged our theories on the nature and dynamics of convergence, the effect of convergence exercises, and the etiology ...

Binocular vision is the most important visual cue for spatial orientation in many sports. In this study, we investigated how binocular vision was influenced by an eye training program that may be used to improve individual's oculomotor function. The experiment involved twenty-four female student athletes from team ball sports (soccer, basketball, handball). After an initial testing session, 12 ...

BACKGROUND Transient ocular misalignment as a complication of parabulbar and peribulbar anesthesia has already been reported in the literature. The aim of our study was to present a case of irreversible iatrogenic vertical strabismus after cataract surgery, which had to be operated on. METHODS Clinical and orthoptic evaluation of a female patient with vertical diplopia after phacoemulsificati...

BACKGROUND Strabismus, also known as squint, can have a debilitating effect on a person's self-esteem, quality of life and mood, as well as increase their feelings of social anxiety and avoidance behaviour. Strabismus surgery can improve both the alignment of a person's eyes and, in appropriate cases, relieve symptoms such as double vision. However, evidence indicates that not all patients expe...

Purpose. To evaluate the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and both age and refraction error in healthy children using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients and Methods. 80 healthy children with a mean age of 9.1 years (range 3.8 to 16.7 years) undergoing routine ocular examination at the orthoptic section of the Ophthalmology Department were re...

BACKGROUND Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is the most common of the ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders .This study evaluates the types of Duane syndrome and its management in patients presenting to the paediatric and strabismus unit of a tertiary care eye hospital. METHODS This case series study involved 41 patients diagnosed with Duane syndrome between January 2007 and Decem...

This research tested the hypothesis that the successful treatment of convergence insufficiency (CI) with vision-training (VT) procedures, leads to an increased capacity of vergence adaptation (VAdapt) allowing a more rapid downward adjustment of the convergence accommodation cross-link. Nine subjects with CI were recruited from a clinical population, based upon reduced fusional vergence amplitu...

Aim: To present the results of a new technique that the authors have developed to weaken the extraocular muscles. The biomechanics of this technique, which is termed ‘‘Y-split recession,’’ are given in the companion paper. Methods: A retrospective study, testing the effects of a new surgical technique on strabismus, nystagmus, and visual acuity. 228 patients (aged 6.8 (SD 6.0) years) with varia...

PURPOSE To report orthoptic changes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS This interventional case series included 297 eyes of 150 patients scheduled for PRK. Complete ophthalmologic evaluations focusing on orthoptic examinations were performed before and 3 months after PRK. RESULTS Before PRK, 2 (1.3%) patients had esotropia which remained unchanged; 3 (2%) patients had far exot...