abstract background and objective: a high level of homogeneity observed within all bacteria in the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex makes a property that seriously challenges traditional biochemical-based identification methods of these pathogens in the laboratory. the work presented here was conducted to characterize mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in golestan, northern iran. mat...

European water frog hybrids Rana esculenta (R. ridibundaxR. lessonae) reproduce hemiclonally, by hybridogenesis: in the germ line they exclude the genome of one parental species and produce haploid gametes with an unrecombined genome of the other parental species. In the widespread L-E population system, both sexes of hybrids (E) coexist with R. lessonae (L). They exclude the lessonae genome an...

Recombination has an impact on genome evolution by maintaining chromosomal integrity, affecting the efficacy of selection, and increasing genetic variability in populations. Recombination rates are a key determinant of the coevolutionary dynamics between hosts and their pathogens. Historic recombination events created devastating new pathogens, but the impact of ongoing recombination in sexual ...

Forces driving the evolution of reproductive isolation among natural populations, as well as the mechanisms involved to maintain it, are still poorly understood. Because sympatric ¢sh ecotypes mainly di¡er in phenotypic traits associated with occupying distinct trophic niches, it is generally believed that reproductive isolation is mainly driven by ecological divergent selection, excluding geno...

A total of 272 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from equine infections originating from 17 equine hospitals and 39 veterinary practices in Germany as well as 67 isolates from personnel working at equine clinics were subjected to molecular typing. The majority of isolates from horses was attributed to clonal complex (CC) 398 (82.7%). Within CC398, 66% of isolates belonged to a ...

OBJECTIVES Bovine mammary protothecosis is a serious pathology that entails high economic losses in the dairy industry. The disease, the frequency of which has recently been increasing worldwide, is caused by unicellular, achlorophyllous, yeast-like algae of two species: Prototheca zopfii and Prototheca blaschkeae. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of a panel ...

Mirzapour S, Darvishnia M, Bazgir E, Mirzaei Najafgholi H (2020) Pathogenic variation of Didymella rabiei isolates causing Chickpea blight in three western provinces of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):1-13. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.1   Introduction: Chickpea blight, caused by Didymella rabiei, is the most limiting factor in chickpea production areas in the world, including the western province...