Lipases sensitive to organophosphorus (OP) inhibitors play critical roles in cell regulation, nutrition, and disease, but little is known on the toxicological aspects in mammals. To help fill this gap, six lipases or lipase-like proteins are assayed for OP sensitivity in vitro under standard conditions (25 degrees C, 15 min incubation). Postheparin serum lipase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (two so...

A genetically engineered Escherichia coli cell expressing both organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) and a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) on the cell surface was constructed, enabling the simultaneous hydrolysis of organophosphate nerve agents and immobilization via specific adsorption to cellulose. OPH was displayed on the cell surface by use of the truncated ice nucleation protein (INPNC) fusion s...

A flexible glove-based electrochemical biosensor with highly stretchable printed electrode system has been developed as a wearable point-of-use screening tool for defense and food security applications. This disposable-mechanically robust "lab-on-a-glove" integrates a stretchable printable enzyme-based biosensing system and active surface for swipe sampling on different fingers, and is coupled ...

A dual-transducer flow-injection biosensor detection system for monitoring organophosphorus (OP) neurotoxins is described. Such simultaneous use of different physical transducers in connection to the same (organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH)) enzyme enhances the information content and provides discrimination between various subclasses of OP compounds. While the potentiometric biosensor responds ...

An enzyme electrode for the detection of V-type nerve agents, VX (O-ethyl-S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate) and R-VX (O-isobutyl-S-2-diethylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate), is proposed. The principle of the new biosensor is based on the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the nerve agents and amperometric detection of the thiol-containing hydrolysis products at carbon nanotube-mod...

A potentiometric microbial biosensor for the direct measurement of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents was developed by modifying a pH electrode with an immobilized layer of Escherichia coli cells expressing organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on the cell surface. OPH catalyzes the hydrolysis of organophosporus pesticides to release protons, the concentration of which is proportional to the amount o...

A fiber-optic enzyme biosensor for the direct measurement of organophosphate nerve agents was developed. The basic element of this biosensor is organophosphorus hydrolase immobilized on a nylon membrane and attached to the common end of a bifurcated optical fiber bundle. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of organophosphate compounds to form stoichiometric amounts of chromophoric products that...

Pesticide residues in agricultural produce pose a threat to human health worldwide. Although the detoxification mechanisms for xenobiotics have been extensively studied in mammalian cells, information about the regulation network in plants remains elusive. Here we show that brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of natural plant hormones, decreased residues of common organophosphorus, organochlorine a...

Background: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important neurotransmitter hydrolase in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. The number of AChEs is various among invertebrate species, with different functions including the 'classical' role in terminating synaptic transmission and other 'non-classical' roles. Methods: Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, a new putative...

Phosphotriesters are one class of highly toxic synthetic compounds known as organophosphates. Wide spread usage of organophosphates as insecticides as well as nerve agents has lead to numerous efforts to identify enzymes capable of detoxifying them. A wide array of enzymes has been found to have phosphotriesterase activity including phosphotriesterase (PTE), methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH), or...