Organic conductors exhibit unusual physical properties due to the critical nature of valence electrons fluctuating under localizing and delocalizing regime. Recently, we discovered that an organic superconductor, α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 [BEDTTTF: bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene], induces optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) along with charge-ordering driven by the repulsive electron-electron ...

Organic functional group and elemental concentrations were measured with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) from an aircraft platform as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment – Phase B (INTEX-B) conducted over the eastern Pacific and western North America. Single particle spectra were obtained using scanning transmission X-ray micros...

A wealth of recent laboratory and field experiments demonstrate that organic aerosol composition evolves with time in the atmosphere, leading to changes in the influence of the organic fraction to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra. There is a need for tools that can realistically represent the evolution of CCN activity to better predict indirect effects of organic aerosol on clouds and cl...

Chemical reactions of organic compounds including pesticides at the interlayer and exterior surfaces of clay minerals and with soil organic matter are reviewed. Representative reactions under moderate conditions possibly occurring in natural soils are described. Attempts have been made to clarify the importance of the chemical nature of molecules, their structures and their functional groups, a...

Gaea[NNHF] is an instance of organic programming methodology, as Smalltalk is of object oriented programming. In the case of object oriented programming, there are combinations with procedural language (Smalltalk, C++), functional programming (LOOPS), and logic programming (ESP[Chi83]). The same variety of combinations are possible in organic programming. Gaea is a logic programming language.

To compare the functional gene structure and diversity of microbial communities in saline-alkali and slightly acidic oil-contaminated sites, 40 soil samples were collected from two typical oil exploration sites in North and South China and analyzed with a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip 3.0). The overall microbial pattern was significantly different between the two sites, and a mor...

By intimate control of reaction conditions, phase-pure crystalline porous metal-organic framework materials [Zn(4)O(L)(3)] with interpenetrated and non-interpenetrated structures can be synthesised. Under certain conditions, these reactions occur with concomitant deprotection of masked alcohols located on the organic links which yield accessible 'metal-binding' functional groups within the fram...

Calcium fluoride nanoparticles with special amount of cerium ion (%1) were synthesized by coprecipitation. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption and photoluminescence (PL) from CaF2Ce nanoparticles has been investigated. FTIR spectra reveal that there are some amounts of OH, NO3 and other organic functional groups on the parti...

A large number of membrane transport mechanisms in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes serves for the secretion of bile acids, various other organic anions, organic cations, lipids, and electrolytes. After their functional characterization, some of these mechanisms' individual transport molecules are now identified, allowing better understanding of inherited and acquired disorders of bile formation.

Mixed-valence (partial charge transfer state) and segregated stacking are the key factors for constructing organic metals. Here, we discuss the ionicity phase diagrams for a variety of charge transfer systems to provide a strategy for the development of functional organic materials (Mott insulator, semiconductor, superconductor, metal, complex isomer, neutral-ionic system, etc.).