This research note briefly describes the levels of measurement variables and their applications in quantitative analysis survey data. It first presents concept variables. Second, four measurements, namely, nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, with examples are offered. Then, application these to statistical data at univariate (descriptive statistics), bivariate, multivariate (e.g., binary logisti...

M-learning offers enterprises the ability to keep their employees engaged in ongoing learning activities that will enhance their productivity and effectiveness, while they work. Mlearning can deliver "just in time learning" to enable workers to solve immediate problems and remember the solutions. Because of its portability and low cost, this concept can also be applied to basic education in rur...

BACKGROUND The study attempts to develop an ordinal logistic regression (OLR) model to identify the determinants of child malnutrition instead of developing traditional binary logistic regression (BLR) model using the data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004. METHODS Based on weight-for-age anthropometric index (Z-score) child nutrition status is categorized into three groups-sev...

BACKGROUND Logistic random effects models are a popular tool to analyze multilevel also called hierarchical data with a binary or ordinal outcome. Here, we aim to compare different statistical software implementations of these models. METHODS We used individual patient data from 8509 patients in 231 centers with moderate and severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) enrolled in eight Randomized Con...

In this paper, we report our participation in the Task 2: Triple Scoring of WSDM Cup challenge 2017. In this task, we were provided with triples of "type-like" relations which were given human-annotated relevance scores ranging from 0 to 7, with 7 being the "most relevant" and 0 being the "least relevant". The task focuses on two such relations: profession and nationality. We built a system whi...

Objectives: When missing values occur, complete case analysis can cause biased results. In this paper, we discuss imputation methods using machine learning techniques when occurred in ordinal variables. Methods: We consider two techniques, the decision tree and random forest, for of values. use treating variables as ordinal, forest nominal. addition, apply cumulative logistic model. The results...

Introduction: Musculoskeletal pain accompanied by psychological problem lead to reduce the efficiency of adolescents; so, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its association with psychological factors among female adolescents. Materials and methods: The target population of this cross sectional study was female students (3625 in total) from both private...

Background and Aims: Due to the high prevalence of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders worldwide and in Iran and as recommended by the international diabetes federation, about more investment in diabetes research in Iran, it is decided to perform of this study in the urban and rural area of Gotvad city in the Khuzestan Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional st...