fluency in a second language (l2) involves a quintessentially cognitive processing system that operates quickly and effectively. the perceived importance of researching fluency through a psycholinguistic lens has motivated the related l2 research to resort to current cognitive speaking-specific models. this study, drawing on levelt’s (1999a) psycholinguistic model, probed the deficiency sources...

Oral care is a hallmark of attentive, high-quality nursing care. Oral care improves a patient's sense of well-being, communication, and nutritional status, and lowers the risk for pneumonia. However, for patients with severe trismus, oral care may seem impossible. Trismus is the inability to open the mouth more than 35 mm and often results from medical therapies for head and neck cancers. This ...

The oral cavity is the primary site of verbal human communication. It has many additional important functional roles, including bolus preparation and formation, taste, and deglutition. Oral cavity cancer treatment, particularly for advanced tumors (because of radical surgery), destroys the integrity of this area. Extensive reconstructive efforts are required to maintain oral continuity, to faci...

Oral malodor one of the most common complaints with which patients approaches us thinking it can be detrimental to his self-image and confidence. Even though majority of oral malodor is of oral origin, there are multiple other systemic causes that have to be addressed while we diagnose and treat this condition. Most of these patients look up to oral care physicians for expert advice, it is crit...

Using the technique of terahertz photomixing, a continuous-wave terahertz source is used to characterise various semiconductors in the frequency range from 0.06 to 1.0 THz. By directly analysing the interference pattern of the transmission through semiconductor wafers using Fabry-Pérot theory, information regarding the carrier concentration, sample thickness and refractive index is obtained wit...

Present limits of speech recognition and understandi¢,g in the context of free spoken language (alttumgh with a limited vocabulary) have perverse effects on the flow of the dialogue with a system. Typically a non robtt~'t dialogue manager will fail to face with these limits and conversations will often be a failure. This paper presents some possibilities of a structural approach for handling co...

Oral communication competence is defined on the top of relevant skills for professional and personal life. Because of the importance of communication in our daily activities it is crucial to study methods to improve our communication capability and therefore learn how to express ourselves better. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal RGB, depth, and audio data description and fusion approach ...

Research on face recognition and social judgment usually addresses the manipulation of facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, etc.). Using a procedure based on a Stroop-like task, Montepare and Opeyo (J Nonverbal Behav 26(1):43–59, 2002) established a hierarchy of the relative salience of cues based on facial attributes when differentiating faces. Using the same perceptual interference task, we es...

This study investigated how 872 US aerospace scientists and engineers select information carriers. When considering oral and written information carriers, the principle of least effort was supported with a strong preference for oral communication over written communication. In examining how the respondents select written carriers, the decision to use or not to use a written carrier was found to...