the present research aims to study the effects of syllabic structure in standard tajiki persian on the pronunciation of standard iranian persian words and the joint loanwords in these languages. this descriptive study used optimality theory, as a recent branch of generative grammar, to analyse the errors. to that end, ten tajiki-speaking persian learners, studying at imam khomeini international...

Since its inception, arti cial intelligence has relied upon a theoretical foundation centred around perfect rationality as the desired property of intelligent systems. We argue, as others have done, that this foundation is inadequate because it imposes fundamentally unsatis able requirements. As a result, there has arisen a wide gap between theory and practice in AI, hindering progress in the e...

This chapter lays out the basic assumptions and workings of optimality-theoretic syntax. After sketching central aspects of the model of grammar presupposed in optimality theory, I address four pieces of evidence for optimality-theoretic approaches to syntax in the first core section (viz., the ubiquity of constraint conflict, the existence of repair phenomena, the notion of default, and cross-...

The advent of Optimality Theory has revived the interest in articulatorily and perceptually driven markedness in phonological research. To some researchers, the cross-linguistic prevalence of such markedness relations is indication that synchronic phonological grammar should include phonetic details. However, there are at least two distinct ways in which phonetics can be incorporated in an opti...

In recent decades there has been an increasing attention in research of optimal control theory with uncertainties. An important issue to deal with the optimal control problem with uncertainties is how to determine some optimization criterion to optimize objective function. Actually, there are many criteria to do so but there is no any criteria to be best because different criteria satisfy vario...

The presence of intra-speaker variation in early acquisition has long presented an intriguing problem for researchers of phonological development. This paper demonstrates how Optimality Theory is useful in identifying three different types of variation in acquisition, only one of which is a true case of ‘multiple optimal outputs. It then illustrates how multiple optimal outputs can be handled f...

preemptively scheduling a set of independent jobs with release time on one processor is a historical problem. in this paper, the same problem has been considered in which objective is to minimize the mean flow time. to prepare a perfect branch-and-bound, some optimality conditions have been represented and they have been compared with the optimality conditions which have been proposed before. o...

To some, the relation between bidirectional optimality theory and game theory seems obvious: strong bidirectional optimality corresponds to Nash equilibrium in a strategic game (Dekker and van Rooij 2000). But in the domain of pragmatics this formally sound parallel is conceptually inadequate: the sequence of utterance and its interpretation cannot be modelled reasonably as a strategic game, be...