The far infrared background is a sink for the hidden aspects of galaxy formation. At optical wavelengths, ellipticals and spheroids are old, even at z ∼ 1. Neither the luminous formation phase nor their early evolution is seen in the visible. We infer that ellipticals and, more generally, most spheroids must have formed in dust-shrouded starbursts. In this article, we show how separate tracking...

Here we highlight enantioselective optical gradient forces present in 3D structured vortex tweezing systems. One chiral force originates from the circular polarization of light, while remarkably other is independent input polarization, even occurring for unpolarized and not 2D light nor propagating plane waves. This latter sorting mechanism allows trapping particles into distinct rings transver...

We propose a scheme for the conditional generation of arbitrary finite superpositions of (squeezed) Fock states in a single mode of a traveling optical field. The suggested setup requires only a source of squeezed states, beam splitters, strong coherent beams, and photodetectors with single-photon sensitivity. The method does not require photodetectors with a high efficiency nor with a singleph...

Conditions for achieving ‘‘optical asymmetric synthesis,’’ an example of controlled chiral symmetry breaking, using the electric-dipole light-field interaction are derived. These include scenarios in which neither the medium nor the light is chiral by itself. Specifically, parity requirements are used to show that any optical scenario in which the dynamics of the molecule depends on the overall...

We present optical and near-IR observations of QX Nor, the counterpart to the recurrent soft X-ray transient X1608-52, after its reappearance following the X-ray outburst in February 1996. The object has been seen only once before, during an Xray outburst in 1977. Data from 3–5 months after the outburst show the counterpart at a mean magnitude of R = 20.2 and variable on timescales of days. A c...

We present a novel scheme for packet forwarding in optical packet-switched networks and we further demonstrate its good scalability through simulations. The scheme requires neither header modification nor any label distribution protocol, thus reducing component cost while simplifying network management.

We investigated whether photoreceptor function in amblyopic eyes differed from that in non-amblyopic eyes. Photoreceptor function was assessed with the optical Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE), psychophysical SCE, and foveal visual pigment density in both eyes of ten unilateral amblyopic subjects. Optical SCE and density measurements were carried out with a custom-built scanning laser ophthalmoscop...

The temperature dependence of the optical and magnetic properties of CuO were examined by means of hybrid density functional theory calculations. Our work shows that the spin exchange interactions in CuO are neither fully one-dimensional nor fully three-dimensional. The temperature dependence of the optical band gap and the (63)Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency of CuO originate from the...