The qualitative structure of images is much like the quali tative structure of landscapes Critical points of a landscape are the summits the immits and the saddle points These points are connected through special curves on the surface of the landscape The new approach computes this basic qualitative structure of an image or a landscape from the neighborhood structure of a sampled grid by a proc...

Assist bar Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) has been demonstrated to increase across pitch performance and depthof-focus of semi-dense to isolated lines. As the sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) or assist bar’s size increases, so does its desired lithographic effect, as well as its undesired printability. In other words, when large assist features are required at isolated pitches, the assi...

BACKGROUND The present study (1) compared the ability of power Doppler imaging with that of gray-scale B-mode tissue imaging to opacify the myocardium and detect coronary stenosis by myocardial contrast echocardiography and (2) compared the response of video intensity (VI) to variable pulsing intervals for each modality. METHODS AND RESULTS Four grades of left anterior descending coronary art...

attachment to the neighborhood represents a positive mental feeling toward the residential place that links associated with residential location and causing the residents’ commitment to habitat and their desire to maintain a relationship with it over the time and at different stages of life. present research examines neighborhood attachment and the effect of personal networks and modern communi...

Characterization of aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent, and volume size distribution at the semiarid site of Tombstone Arizona (31823VN, 110805VW, 1408 m) will be presented for one annual cycle. In this region, extensive observations of selected optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) have been made in the past and reported on in the lite...

In this paper we present an instant action recognition method, which is able to recognize an action in real-time from only two continuous video frames. For the sake of instantaneity, we employ two types of computationally efficient but perceptually important features – optical flow and edges – to capture motion and shape characteristics of actions. It is known that the two types of features can...

A simple method is presented for 3D head pose estimation and tracking in monocular image sequences. A generic geometric model is used. The initialization consists of aligning the perspective projection of the geometric model with the subjects head in the initial image. After the initialization, the gray levels from the initial image are mapped onto the visible side of the headmodel to form a te...

Optical tweezers were ®rst realized 15 years ago by Arthur Ashkin and co-workers at the Bell Telephone Laboratories. Since that time there has been a steady stream of developments and applications , particularly in the biologica l ®eld. In the last 5 years the ̄ow of work using optical tweezers has increased signi®cantly, and it seems as if they are set to become a mainstream tool within biologi...

the neighborhood is a major factor in urbanism where habitation is characterized.in iranian traditional cities, the concept of neighborhood demonstrates the values of well-being, identity and sociability. neighborhoods can be approached into the following ways: external view that includes official boundaries, issues related to urban development and urban management. internal view that is based ...