The influence of applied electric fields on the pretransitional optical activity Ii) in the chiral nematic 4-cyano-4-(2-methyl)butylphenyl (CB15) was investigated. A rotating analyzer system was used to measure the optical activity and fields

Optogenetics has emerged as an exciting tool for manipulating neural activity, which in turn, can modulate behavior in live organisms. However, detecting the response to the optical stimulation requires electrophysiology with physical contact or fluorescent imaging at target locations, which is often limited by photobleaching and phototoxicity. In this paper, we show that phase imaging can repo...

A major challenge in understanding the relationship between neural activity and development, and ultimately behavior, is to control simultaneously the activity of either many neurons belonging to specific subsets or specific regions within individual neurons. Optimally, such a technique should be capable of both switching nerve cells on and off within milliseconds in a non-invasive manner, and ...

Optical activities such as circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) are manifested by almost all natural products. However, the CD is an extremely weak effect so that time-resolved CD spectroscopy has been found to be experimentally difficult and even impossible for vibrational CD with current technology. Here, we show that the weak-signal and nonzero background problems ca...

In this study, immune responses against Streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were analyzed. Anti-streptococcal antibody (ASA) levels, respiratory burst activity (RBA), phagocytic activity (PA) and phagocytic index (P index) were measured in kidney macrophages. Fish were allocated to three experimental groups (n = 50 per group): survivors of natural S. iniae inf...

In this work, the effects of co-precipitation temperature and post calcination on the magnetic properties and photocatalytic activities of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were investigated. The structure, magnetic and optical properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry and UV–Vis spectrophotometry techniques.  The XRD re...