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the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of call/web-based instruction on improving efl learners’ pronunciation ability. to this end, 85 students who were enrolled in a language institute in rasht were selected as subjects. these students were given the oxford placement test in order to validate their proficiency levels. they were then divided into two groups of 30 and were rando...

Automatic voltage regulator; Gravitational search algorithm; Load tracking performance; Opposite number; Optimization; Sugeno fuzzy logic Abstract The design and performance analysis of a Sugeno fuzzy logic (SFL) controller for an autonomous power system model is presented in this paper. In gravitational search algorithm (GSA), the searcher agents are collection of masses and their interactions...

In this paper, we propose a novel definition of opposite path. Its core feature is that the sequence of candidate paths and the distances between adjacent nodes in the tour are considered simultaneously. In a sense, the candidate path and its corresponding opposite path have the same (or similar at least) distance to the optimal path in the current population. Based on an accepted framework for...

A comparative analysis was made of the public's attitudes toward the use of animals in scientific research in 15 different nations. The intensity of opposition to animal research was found to vary from relatively low levels in Japan and the United States to much higher levels in France, Belgium, and Great Britain. More women than men were opposed to animal research in all 15 nations. Scientific...

<p>This paper presents an opposition based red wolf optimization (ORWO) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem. Each has a flag vector in the algorithm, and length is equivalent to whole sum of numbers which features dataset (WO). In this proposed been intermingled with opposition-based learning (OBL). By amalgamate procedure convergence speed will be increased. To discover ...