the ip3r calcium release channel has been simulated using a stochastic simulation algorithm (ssa;gillespie algorithm) and de young-keiser model. a set of different concentration for cat' and ip3 havebeen used. considering the number of molecules in each state, a non linear behavior of the system can beseen clearly. the inhibiting role of the ca+2 on the open state (x110) has been studied. the d...

The simplest water diversion method in irrigation systems is using intakes. Measuring the mean velocity is one of the essential hydraulic parameters in increasing the efficiency of the intake. In this study, the mean velocity was predicted for different width ratios of an intake using ANN-MLP neural network model. In order to do that, the flow field within a 90-degree intake was first simulated...

Recently, a new layout style to avoid edge crossings in straight-line drawings of non-planar graphs received attention. In a Partial Edge Drawing (PED), the middle part of each segment representing an edge is dropped and the two remaining parts, called stubs, are not crossed. To help the user inferring the position of the two end-vertices of each edge, additional properties like symmetry and ho...

bendway weirs are an important tool in multi-purpose erosion control and are implemented to control erosion, restore streams, and improve habitat. these structures create a hydraulic effect that reduces erosion on the outer bank of a bend by reducing flow velocities near the outer bank and reduce the concentration of currents on the outer bank creating better current alignment through the bend....

This paper studies three-dimensional orthogonal box-drawings where edge-routes have at most one bend. Two open problems for such drawings are: (1) Does every drawing of Kn have volume Ω(n )? (2) Is there a drawing of Kn for which additionally the vertices are represented by cubes with surface O(n)? This paper answers both questions in the negative, and provides related results concerning volume...

In single-bend channels or meandering channels, groynes are widely used as a river-training structure. Geometric factor is an important principle of groyne design. this paper, the numerical method based on Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model to study effects with different lengths and orientations mean flow pattern characteristics in mildly channel. The analysis shows that compared...

Resonance Raman spectra were obtained for 2-nitrophenol in cyclohexane solution with excitation wavelengths in resonance with the charge-transfer (CT) proton transfer band absorption. These spectra indicate that the Franck-Condon region photodissociation dynamics have multidimensional character with motion along more than 15 normal modes: the nominal CCH bend+CC stretch nu(12) (1326 cm(-1)), th...

We consider embeddings of planar graphs in R where vertices map to points and edges map to polylines. We refer to such an embedding as a polyline drawing, and ask how few bends are required to form such a drawing for an arbitrary planar graph. It has long been known that even when the vertex locations are completely fixed, a planar graph admits a polyline drawing where edges bend a total of O(n...

We study drawings of graphs of maximum degree six on the hexagonal (triangular) grid, with the main focus of keeping the number of bends small. We give algorithms that achieve 3.5n + 3.5 bends for all simple graphs. We also prove optimal lower bounds on the number of bends for K7, and give asymptotic lower bounds for graph classes of varying connectivity.