Some birds make use of a distensible oral cavity to produce nearly pure-tone song. Songbirds such as the Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) have a muscularly distended oropharyngeal-esophageal cavity between the top of the trachea and the open beak. The present paper analyzes the acoustics of this vocal system. It is shown that the resonance of the oropharyngeal-esophageal cavity, vented...

Direct numerical simulations are performed to investigate the three-dimensional stability of compressible flow over open cavities. A linear stability analysis is conducted to search for three-dimensional global instabilities of the two-dimensional mean flow for cavities that are homogeneous in the spanwise direction. The presence of such instabilities is reported for a range of flow conditions ...

The N- and C-terminal six-helix bundles of lactose permease (LacY) form a large internal cavity open on the cytoplasmic side and closed on the periplasmic side with a single sugar-binding site at the apex of the cavity near the middle of the molecule. During sugar/H(+) symport, an outward-facing cavity is thought to open with closing of the inward-facing cavity so that the sugar-binding site is...

While the primary goal of reconstruction following orbital exenteration is lining or filling of the defect to protect the cranial contents, orbital exenteration without full rehabilitative efforts is debilitating to patients due to the resulting psychosocial disability [4,5]. Therefore, many patients strongly desire to obtain a prosthetic [2,3]. Typically, open cavity reconstruction of the orbi...

Neuraminidase (NA) of influenza is a key target for virus infection control and the recently discovered open 150-cavity in group-1 NA provides new opportunity for novel inhibitors design. In this study, we used a combination of theoretical methods including fragment docking, molecular linking and molecular dynamics simulations to design ligands that specifically target at the 150-cavity. Throug...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Surgeons constantly struggle with the formation of condensation on the lens of a laparoscope, which prolongs procedures and reduces visibility of the abdominal cavity. The goal of this project was to build a device that would direct a flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into an open chamber surrounding the lens of a laparoscope, acting to keep moisture away from the lens and ...

In this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from a rectangular large open cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane is studied. By introducing a nonlocal artificial boundary condition, the scattering problem from the open cavity is reduced to a bounded domain problem. A compact fourth order finite difference scheme is then proposed to discrete the cavity scattering model in the rectangular ...

Lipocalin type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is a multifunctional protein acting as a somnogen (PGD2)-producing enzyme, an extracellular transporter of various lipophilic ligands, and an amyloid-beta chaperone in human cerebrospinal fluid. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of two different conformers of mouse L-PGDS, one with an open cavity of the beta-barrel and the other...

Silicon carbide is evolving as a prominent solid-state platform for the realization of quantum information processing hardware. Angle-etched nanodevices are emerging solution to photonic integration in bulk substrates where color centers best defined. We model triangular cross-section waveguides and crystal cavities using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Eigensolver approaches. analyze optimal cen...