The need for validated analytical methods and reference materials to identify and measure constituents in dietary supplements is essential. Such methods allow for the documentation that products meet manufacturer's specifications and contain what their labels declare. In March 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a proposed rule that would establish specific current good manufactu...

Gaze direction perception triggers rapid visuospatial orienting to the location observed by others. When this is congruent with the location of a target, reaction times are faster than when incongruent. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that the non-joint attention induced by incongruent cues are experienced as more emotionally negative and this could relate to less favorabl...

By using the Double Frontiers Criteria, Hurwicz succeeded to achieve The Most Productive Scale Size of decision making units. This Double frontiers criteria was achieved by using two models of “CCR” in optimistic viewpoint in input form and the “CCR” model in pessimistic viewpoint in input form. In this paper, we intend to find a criteria for Double frontiers of super efficiency by using two mo...

Twentieth-century psychologists have been pessimistic about teaching reasoning, prevailing opinion suggesting that people may possess only domain-specific rules, rather than abstract rules; this would mean that training a rule in one domain would not produce generalization to other domains. Alternatively, it was thought that people might possess abstract rules (such as logical ones) but that th...

Transactional Memory (TM) is a high-level programming abstraction for concurrency control that provides programmers with the illusion of atomically executing blocks of code, called transactions. TMs come in two categories, optimistic and pessimistic, where in the latter transactions never abort. While this simplifies the programming model, high-performing pessimistic TMs can be complex. In this...

W hile I was in residency at the Mayo Clinic, my oncology attending arrived for rounds one day with a sheepish grin on his face. It was June 3rd, you see, and for the 7th straight year a former patient of his had called him and angrily exclaimed, " I am still alive, you idiot! " before slamming down the telephone. Seven and a half years ago, the oncologist had given the man 6 months to live. Si...

We introduce the notion of an ordered face structure. The ordered face structures to many-to-one computads are like positive face structures, c.f. [Z], to positive-to-one computads. This allow us to give an explicit combinatorial description of many-to-one computads in terms of ordered face structures.