Cycling to School: Increasing Secondary School Enrollment for Girls in India We study the impact of an innovative program in the Indian state of Bihar that aimed to reduce the gender gap in secondary school enrollment by providing girls who continued to secondary school with a bicycle that would improve access to school. Using data from a large representative household survey, we employ a tripl...

BACKGROUND Participation in higher intensity activity (i.e. vigorous physical activity [VPA]) appears more consistently associated with lower adiposity, unfortunately little is known about the nature and patterns of VPA participation in children. OBJECTIVE To examine the volume and patterns of vigorous and sedentary activity during different segments of the week (weekend, school-based and out...

BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of thinness among 5-10 year old school children of Nandigram, Purba Medinipur District of West Bengal, India. METHODS A total of 596 students (323 boys and 288 girls) aged 5-10 years were included in this crosssectional study. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was computed. The new international BMI-based classification cut-off p...

This study examines the influence of household poverty during early childhood on schooling, workforce participation, and early marriage among adolescent girls in Nepal. Longitudinal data from the two-wave panel of the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS) were used to examine these relationships. For 5-9-year-old girls contacted in NLSS I and again when aged 13-17 in NLSS II (N = 400), multinomi...

The use of the Inventory with 3 groups of girls is described-75 normal girls studying in 10(th) standard, 75 girls in an approved school with criminal record and 75 girls in the approved school requiring 'care and protection'. The results indicate that most of the sub-tests of the Inventory discriminate the delinquents from the normals. The results are compared with American and British studies...

The purpose of this study was to examine time trend changes in the amount and type physical activities obtained by an accelerometer activity record over a 20-year period urban elementary schoolchildren. A total 388 sixth-grade children (11–12 years old) school Kyoto participated (n = 125 1999, 108 2009, 155 2017/2018). size shape district did not change. schedule nearly same 2017/2018. were ins...

The gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) engagement is large and persistent. This gap is significantly larger in technological fields such as computer science and engineering than in math and science. Gender gaps begin early; young girls report less interest and self-efficacy in technology compared with boys in elementary school. In the current study (N=96), we assess...

OBJECTIVE To assess secular trends in menarcheal age between 1973 and 1994 and to determine whether childhood levels of height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses can account for racial (white/black) differences in menarcheal age. METHODS Data from 7 cross-sectional examinations of school-aged children, with menarcheal age obtained through interviews, were used for both cross-sectional (11 218 ...

The present study examined gender differences in children's submissive and disharmonious emotions and parental attention to these emotions. Sixty children and their mothers and fathers participated when children were 4 and 6 years old. Children's emotion expression and parental responses during a game were coded. Girls expressed more submissive emotion than boys. Fathers attended more to girls'...

BACKGROUND Smoking and drinking alcohol among early adolescents are serious public health concerns, but few studies have been conducted in Japan to assess their prevalence and etiology. A regional survey was conducted in eight schools in two Japanese school districts to identify psychosocial factors associated with smoking and drinking behaviors for boys and girls. METHODS Junior high school ...