The scheduling approach constitutes a key element of services trade agreements as it is the means to pursue liberalization. This paper provides an overview approaches adopted in 187 notified under GATS Article V 30 April 2022, analyses differences between positive and negative list approaches, discusses their implications for negotiation strategies policies.

the main purpose of this paper is to present methods and recent development in the literature of intra industry trade (iit) measuring. the case study also is carried out for iranian manufacturing industries during time period 1997-2003. for this, iran's foreign trade data was collected, processed, and then used to estimate iit indices with respect to recent literature developments in iit m...

abstract in this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using carrion-i-silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. the results show latin and south american countries (lsa) catching up process toward the usa failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. but in 2000s most of them could lie in convergenc...

Software agents are flexible, autonomous, and dynamic computational entities. For electronicmarket (emarket) applications, the wide variety of choices to the consumers has introduced the problem of information searching. Meanwhile, there are also so many issues for the participants that require negotiations to find the best deal. In this paper, we present a bilateral multi-issue negotiation sch...

Abstract In this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. The results show Latin and South American countries (LSA) catching up process toward the USA failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. But in 2000s most of them could lie in converge...

Interactions are a core part of all multi-agent systems. They occur because of the inter-dependencies which inevitably exist between the agents and they manifest themselves in many different forms—including cooperation, coordination, collaboration. However perhaps the most fundamental and powerful mechanism for managing these inter-agent dependencies at run-time is negotiation—the process by wh...

The present study investigated the influence of positive affect and visual access on the process and outcome of negotiation in an integrative bargaining task. Visual access was crossed with positive affect in a 2 x 2 design. The results supported the hypotheses that positive affect would reduce the use of contentious tactics and would increase joint benefit, just as had been found for the prese...