The world currently obtains its energy from the fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. However, the international crisis in the Middle East, rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves as well as climate change have driven the world towards renewable energy sources which are abundant, untapped and environmentally friendly. Malaysia has abundant biomass resources generated from the agricult...

Leevijit, T., Wisutmethangoon, W., Prateepchaikul, G., Tongurai, C., Allen, M. Design and test of a continuous reactor for palm oil transesterification Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2006, 28(4) : 791-802 The continuous reactor for transesterification of refined palm oil with methanol was designed and tested. The reaction condition was focused at ambient pressure, temperature of 60oC, molar r...

In situ groundwater remediation may be achieved using stationary permeable barriers created by the injection of a substrate, such as innocuous vegetable oil, into the contaminated aquifer. The oil provides the electron donor stimulating microorganisms to degrade or sequester many contaminants. At present, little is known about the best procedures to use when injecting oil into an aquifer. In th...

Juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus were kept in captivity and were fed a prepared food contaminated with 5 levels of seawater-accommodated fuel oil, from 2.4 ± 0.35 to 48.2 ± 2.2 mg g–1 food. Oil that had been recovered from that released by the tanker ‘Prestige’ was used. Fish (n = 202) were individually tagged while length and weight were recorded. They were then placed randomly in 6 differ...

The aim of this study was to compare the environmental impact of the straw-flow system for fattening pigs with the slatted-floor system by measuring pollutant gas emissions such as ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), manure nitrogen (N) content and emissions of water vapour (H2O). Three successive batches of 32 pigs were fattened. For each batch, pigs wer...

Saprolegniaceae are ubiquitous filamentous water molds. They occur as saprotrophs or parasitic on aquatic and terrestial plants and on aquatic animals, and a number of interesting fungi belonging to the Saprolegniaceae have been isolated from the soil. In the course of an investigation of the water molds in Argentina, an unusual species of Achlya was isolated once from soil collections. Brassic...

Hydrogen internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles present much of the same promise as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs): reduced reliance on imported oil and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. Proponents envision hydrogen ICE as a bridging technology from gasoline vehicles to hydrogen FCVs. This paper examines the hydrogen ICE technology, focusing on relevant aspects such as power, fuel econom...

Characterizing deepwater reservoirs, their stratigraphy and structure can be highly uncertain due to the extremely limited data. The existence of subseismic scale fine-grained layers can significantly affect oil production of a reservoir, which requires explicitly modelling the uncertainty of these fine-grained fluid barriers. Conventional modeling techniques, such as twopoints statistics, mult...

This work addresses the large-scale crude oil scheduling problem of China’s SINOPEC Maoming refinery importing various types of crude oil from two terminals via long-distance pipelines. A hierarchical decomposition approach is employed to construct a two-stage MILP model of the practical refinery operations. In the upper level model, storage and charging tanks are aggregated to determine the in...