Many attempts to create bio-plastics from renewable resources have been made in recent years. The main aim of these studies has been to develop products competitive with synthetic polymers. Two main strategies have been studied to produce reasonable yields of these polymers: transgenic plant cells1 and the well known bacterial fermentation process.2 Among the various candidates for biodegradabl...

Different vegetable oil based biodiesel (FAMES) were prepared by alkaline transesterification using refined oils as well as waste frying oil (WFO). Methanol and sodium hydroxide are used as catalyst under similar reaction conditions. To ensure the quality of biodiesel produced, a series of different ASTM Standard tests were carried out. In this context, various testwere done including viscosity...

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Litsea cubeba seed was conducted over different temperature (250-350°C), time (30-120 min), reactor loading (0.5-4.5 g) and Na2CO3 loading (0-10 wt.%). Temperature was the most influential factor affecting the yields of product fractions. The highest bio-oil yield of 56.9 wt.% was achieved at 290°C, 60 min, and reactor loading of 2.5 g. The presence of Na2CO3 ...

The increasing environmental concern about waste materials and the necessity of improving the performance of asphalt mixtures prompted the study of incorporating different waste materials in conventional bitumen. The reuse of waste materials can present benefits at an environmental and economic level, and some wastes can be used to improve the pavement performance. Thus, the purpose of this stu...

A recoverable catalyst that simultaneously stabilizes emulsions would be highly advantageous in streamlining processes such as biomass refining, in which the immiscibility and thermal instability of crude products greatly complicates purification procedures. Here, we report a family of solid catalysts that can stabilize water-oil emulsions and catalyze reactions at the liquid/liquid interface. ...

Nowadays, the most common ways to dispose of acid tars and paper production waste are burial or incineration, but it is ecologically economically expedient use such in building materials. A new variant filler aggregate—wastepaper sludge ash (paper waste) a chemical activator for aggregates—acid tar (oil-refining industry proposed. Elemental mineralogical compositions wastepaper comparison with ...

Abstract Eel fish is a fishery commodity that has important economic worth in an international trade market. ( Anguilla bicolor ) protein, carbohydrate, and fatty acid. The acid composition eel makes it potential source of oil for health supplement applications. extraction method the purification process determine quality produced. Wet rendering, or wet considered to be most commonly used separ...